Principal component analysis of BGP update streams

In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to identify border gateway protocol (BGP) updates associated with major events — affecting network reachability to multiple ASes — and separate them (statistically) from those attributable to minor events, which individually generate few updates, but collectively form the persistent background noise observed at BGP vantage points. Our methodology is based on principal component analysis, which enables us to transform and reduce the BGP updates into different AS clusters that are likely affected by distinct major events. We demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our methodology through simulations and real BGP data.

[1]  Ming Zhang,et al.  Effective Diagnosis of Routing Disruptions from End Systems , 2008, NSDI.

[2]  Heng Tao Shen,et al.  Principal Component Analysis , 2009, Encyclopedia of Biometrics.

[3]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  The temporal and topological characteristics of BGP path changes , 2003, 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings..

[4]  Daniel Massey,et al.  Inferring the Origin of Routing Changes using Link Weights , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols.

[5]  Kuai Xu,et al.  Inferring Major Events from BGP Update Streams Technical Report 04-043 , 2004 .

[6]  H. Kaiser.  The Application of Electronic Computers to Factor Analysis , 1960 .

[7]  R. Katz,et al.  Towards Root Cause Analysis of Internet Routing Dynamics , 2022 .

[8]  Matthew Roughan,et al.  BGP beacons , 2003, IMC '03.

[9]  Yakov Rekhter,et al.  A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) , 1994, RFC.

[10]  Anja Feldmann,et al.  Locating internet routing instabilities , 2004, SIGCOMM '04.

[11]  Abhijit Bose,et al.  Delayed Internet routing convergence , 2000, SIGCOMM.

[12]  Jia Wang,et al.  Finding a needle in a haystack: pinpointing significant BGP routing changes in an IP network , 2005, NSDI.

[13]  Daniel Massey,et al.  Link-Rank: a graphical tool for capturing BGP routing dynamics , 2004, 2004 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37507).

[14]  Dan Pei,et al.  Understanding BGP Session Failures in a Large ISP , 2007, IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[15]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Characterizing the Internet hierarchy from multiple vantage points , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[16]  Renata Teixeira,et al.  A measurement framework for pin-pointing routing changes , 2004, NetT '04.

[17]  Nick Feamster,et al.  Topology inference from BGP routing dynamics , 2002, IMW '02.

[18]  Jaideep Chandrashekar,et al.  A first step toward understanding inter-domain routing dynamics , 2005, MineNet '05.