Germinated and Nongerminated Conidial Suspensions for Testing of Susceptibilities of Aspergillus spp. to Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, Posaconazole, Ravuconazole, and Voriconazole

ABSTRACT The effect of germinated and nongerminated conidia ofAspergillus spp. on the fungistatic (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards document M38-P) and fungicidal activities (MICs and minimal fungicidal concentrations [MFCs] respectively) of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole (SCH56592), ravuconazole (BMS-207147), and voriconazole was evaluated. MFCs were the lowest drug dilutions that showed fewer than three colonies (99.9% killing). Overall, the MICs (0.12 to 4 μg/ml) and MFCs (0.5 to >8 μg/ml) of all of the agents tested with both inocula were the same or within 2 dilutions for the 72 isolates. Therefore, MICs and MFCs can be obtained with convenient and standardized nongerminated conidia.

[1]  M. Ghannoum,et al.  Quality Control Limits for Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Tests of Ten Antifungal Agents , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[2]  S. Sanche,et al.  In Vitro Amphotericin B Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus terreus, with a Head-to-Head Comparison to Voriconazole , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[3]  B. D. de Pauw,et al.  Invasive Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus ustus: Case Report and Review , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[4]  E. Manavathu,et al.  Comparative Study of Susceptibilities of Germinated and Ungerminated Conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus to Various Antifungal Agents , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[5]  E. Johnson,et al.  In-vitro activity of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against filamentous fungi. , 1998, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[6]  A. Espinel-Ingroff.  Comparison of In Vitro Activities of the New Triazole SCH56592 and the Echinocandins MK-0991 (L-743,872) and LY303366 against Opportunistic Filamentous and Dimorphic Fungi and Yeasts , 1998, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[7]  M. Ghannoum,et al.  Evaluation of Possible Correlations between Antifungal Susceptibilities of Filamentous Fungi In Vitro and Antifungal Treatment Outcomes in Animal Infection Models , 1998, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[8]  D. Bonner,et al.  In Vitro Activity of a New Oral Triazole, BMS-207147 (ER-30346) , 1998, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[9]  J. Guarro,et al.  Comparison of in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of conidia and hyphae of filamentous fungi , 1997, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.

[10]  D. Denning,et al.  In vitro activity of SCH-56592 and comparison with activities of amphotericin B and itraconazole against Aspergillus spp , 1997, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.

[11]  J. Rex,et al.  Multicenter evaluation of proposed standardized procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi , 1997, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[12]  S. Bhakdi,et al.  Susceptibility testing of Candida albicans and Aspergillus species by a simple microtiter menadione-augmented 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay , 1995, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[13]  E. Anaissie,et al.  Comparative and collaborative evaluation of standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing for filamentous fungi , 1995, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.

[14]  J. Perfect,et al.  NIAID Mycoses Study Group Multicenter Trial of Oral Itraconazole Therapy for Invasive Aspergillosis. , 1994, The American journal of medicine.

[15]  T. Gasser,et al.  In Vitro Studies , 1992 .

[16]  A. Espinel-Ingroff,et al.  Spectrophotometric method of inoculum preparation for the in vitro susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi , 1991, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[17]  B. Dupont,et al.  Early experience with itraconazole in vitro and in patients: pharmacokinetic studies and clinical results. , 1987, Reviews of infectious diseases.

[18]  V. Bezjak.  Standardization of a hyphal inoculum of aspergilli for amphotericin B susceptibility testing , 1985, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[19]  T. Granade,et al.  Antimycotic susceptibility testing of dermatophytes in microcultures with a standardized fragmented mycelial inoculum , 1980, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[20]  E. Bruck,et al.  National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. , 1980, Pediatrics.

[21]  G. Medoff,et al.  Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Six Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus , 1976, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[22]  J. Warr,et al.  Resistance to various inhibitors in Aspergillus nidulans. , 1965, Journal of general microbiology.

[23]  R. Donovick,et al.  Amphotericins A and B, antifungal antibiotics produced by a streptomycete. I. In vitro studies. , 1955, Antibiotics annual.