Electrochemical treatment of bisphenol-A using response surface methodology

The decomposition of bisphenol-A (BPA) in synthetic solution and in municipal effluent was investigated using an electro-oxidation process. Electrolysis was conducted using a cylindrical electrolytic cell containing two circular anodes (expanded metal) and two circular cathodes (stainless steel) alternated in the electrode pack. Different anode materials (Ti/SnO2, Ti/IrO2 and Ti/PbO2) were tested, and Ti/PbO2 was found to be the most effective electrode for BPA degradation. An experimental design methodology (23 Box–Behnken design) was applied to determine the optimal experimental conditions in terms of cost effectiveness. The BPA concentration (C0 = 1.0 mg l−1) could be optimally diminished by up to 90% by applying a current intensity of 2.0 A for a 100-min reaction period in the presence of 250 mg Na2SO4 l−1 (used as a supporting electrolyte). Then, the optimal conditions were applied on a municipal wastewater effluent (sampled after secondary treatment) artificially contaminated with 1 mg BPA l−1 without the addition of a supporting electrolyte. The treatment was more effective with the municipal effluent due to the presence of a high concentration of chloride ions that could easily be transformed into active chlorine. BPA could be oxidized by both direct anodic electrochemical oxidation (by means of OH·) and indirect electrochemical oxidation via mediators, such as hypochlorous acid generated by chloride oxidation. Both actions (direct and indirect effects) lead to the formation of powerful oxidizing agents capable of rapidly oxidizing BPA.

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