Effects of cyclic pressure on bone marrow cell cultures.

The present in-vitro study used bone marrow cell cultures and investigated the effects of cyclic pressure on osteoclastic bone resorption. Compared to control (cells maintained under static conditions), the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive, osteoclastic cells was significantly (p<0.05) lower when, immediately upon harvesting, bone marrow cells were exposed to cyclic pressure (10-40 kPa at 1.0 Hz). In contrast, once precursors in bone marrow cells differentiated into osteoclastic cells under static culture conditions for 7 days, subsequent exposure to the cyclic pressure of interest to the present study did not affect the number of osteoclastic cells. Most important, exposure of bone marrow cells to cyclic pressure for 1 h daily for 7 consecutive days resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower osteoclastic bone resorption and in lowered mRNA expression for interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosisfactor-a (TNF-a), cytokines that are known activators of osteoclast function. In addition to unique contributions to osteoclast physiology, the present study provided new evidence of a correlation between mechanical loading and bone homeostasis as well as insight into the molecular mechanisms of bone adaptation to mechanical loading, namely cytokine-mediated control of osteoclast functions.

[1]  T. Umemoto,et al.  Autocrine Regulation of Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption by IL-1α and TNFα , 1999 .

[2]  J. Frangos,et al.  Fluid shear stress as a mediator of osteoblast cyclic adenosine monophosphate production , 1990, Journal of cellular physiology.

[3]  E H Burger,et al.  Mechanical stimulation by intermittent hydrostatic compression promotes bone-specific gene expression in vitro. , 1995, Journal of biomechanics.

[4]  E H Burger,et al.  Inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption by mechanical stimulation in vitro. , 1990, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[5]  J. Frangos,et al.  Fluid shear stress stimulates prostaglandin and nitric oxide release in bone marrow-derived preosteoclast-like cells. , 2000, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[6]  T. Martin,et al.  Modulation of osteoclast differentiation. , 1992, Endocrine reviews.

[7]  D. Puleo,et al.  Effect of metal ions on the formation and function of osteoclastic cells in vitro. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[8]  D. Puleo,et al.  Osteoblasts on hydroxyapatite, alumina and bone surfaces in vitro: morphology during the first 2 h of attachment. , 1992, Biomaterials.

[9]  S. Pors Nielsen,et al.  Physical exercise as prophylaxis against involutional vertebral bone loss: a controlled trial. , 1983, Clinical science.

[10]  B. Arulanandam,et al.  Neonatal Administration of IL-12 Enhances the Protective Efficacy of Antiviral Vaccines1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[11]  Y. Iwamoto,et al.  Mechanical Strain Effect on Bone‐Resorbing Activity and Messenger RNA Expressions of Marker Enzymes in Isolated Osteoclast Culture , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[12]  T. Suda.  Modulation of osteoclast differentiation [published erratum appears in Endocr Rev 1992 May;13(2):191] , 1992 .

[13]  N. Takahashi,et al.  Effect of a continuously applied compressive pressure on mouse osteoblast‐like cells (MC3T3‐E1) in vitro , 1990, Journal of cellular physiology.

[14]  A. Akamine,et al.  Trypsinized osteoclast-like multinucleated cells formed in rat bone marrow cultures efficiently form resorption lacunae on dentine. , 1992, Bone.

[15]  N. Takahashi,et al.  Continuously applied compressive pressure induces bone resorption by a mechanism involving prostaglandin E2 synthesis , 1990, Journal of cellular physiology.

[16]  H. Kajiya,et al.  Osmotic membrane stretch increases cytosolic Ca(2+) and inhibits bone resorption activity in rat osteoclasts. , 2000, The Japanese journal of physiology.

[17]  T. Umemoto,et al.  Autocrine regulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha. , 1999, Journal of dental research.

[18]  H. Röhrle,et al.  Joint forces in the human pelvis-leg skeleton during walking. , 1984, Journal of biomechanics.

[19]  R. Kimble,et al.  Simultaneous block of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor is required to completely prevent bone loss in the early postovariectomy period. , 1995, Endocrinology.

[20]  A. Leblanc,et al.  Bone mineral loss and recovery after 17 weeks of bed rest , 1990, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[21]  J. Zerwekh,et al.  The Effects of Twelve Weeks of Bed Rest on Bone Histology, Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover, and Calcium Homeostasis in Eleven Normal Subjects , 1998, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[22]  B. Arulanandam,et al.  Frequency- and duration-dependent effects of cyclic pressure on select bone cell functions. , 2001, Tissue engineering.

[23]  R. Taggart,et al.  The effect of compressive loading on intraosseous pressure in the femoral head in vitro. , 1988, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[24]  M. Lieberherr,et al.  The acid and alkaline phosphatases, inorganic pyrophosphatases and phosphoprotein phosphatase of bone. I. Characterization and assay. , 1973, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[25]  R. Jilka,et al.  Bone marrow, cytokines, and bone remodeling. Emerging insights into the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  W R Taylor,et al.  Osteoclastogenesis is repressed by mechanical strain in an in vitro model , 1999, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[27]  R. Brand,et al.  Proliferative and phenotypic responses of bone‐like cells to mechanical deformation , 1995, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[28]  C. Rubin,et al.  Pressure regulates osteoclast formation and MCSF expression in marrow culture , 1997, Journal of cellular physiology.

[29]  S. Goldring,et al.  Cytokines and Skeletal Physiology , 1996, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.