Noninvasive blood pressure monitoring.

Expected Practice: Measure blood pressure (BP) in the upper arm using the oscillatory or auscultatory method. [Level D] o If upper arms cannot be used for BP measurement or if the maximum size BP cuff does not fit the upper arm, blood pressure may be measured in the forearm. o Consider use of thigh and calf for BP measurement if the upper arms and forearms cannot be used. Use appropriate size BP cuff and follow instructions for fit and placement per manufacturer’s recommendations. [Level D] Measure baseline BP in both upper arms. For significant differences in BP, use the arm with the higher pressure. [Level D] Position patient: As with intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring, the appropriate reference level for noninvasive measurement of blood pressure is the heart. [Level D]

[1]  A S Berson,et al.  National Standard for Measurement of Resting and Ambulatory Blood Pressures With Automated Sphygmomanometers , 1993, Hypertension.

[2]  S. Ralph,et al.  The normal range for inter-arm differences in blood pressure. , 1999, Age and ageing.

[3]  G. Helft,et al.  The effects of talking, reading, and silence on the "white coat" phenomenon in hypertensive patients. , 1998, American journal of hypertension.

[4]  M M Hirschl,et al.  Accuracy of oscillometric blood pressure measurement according to the relation between cuff size and upper‐arm circumference in critically ill patients , 2000, Critical care medicine.

[5]  A. Hofman,et al.  Arterial Stiffness as Underlying Mechanism of Disagreement Between an Oscillometric Blood Pressure Monitor and a Sphygmomanometer , 2000, Hypertension.

[6]  A. Singer,et al.  Blood pressure. Assessment of interarm differences. , 1996, Archives of Internal Medicine.

[7]  J. Lear,et al.  Age-related differences in simultaneous interarm blood pressure measurements. , 1993, Postgraduate medical journal.

[8]  N. Campbell,et al.  The effect of crossing legs on blood pressure: a randomized single-blind cross-over study. , 1999, Blood pressure monitoring.

[9]  F E Block,et al.  Ankle blood pressure measurement, an acceptable alternative to arm measurements , 1996, International journal of clinical monitoring and computing.

[10]  J. M. Long,et al.  The Effects of Talking on the Blood Pressure of Hypertensive and Normotensive Individuals , 1981, Psychosomatic medicine.

[11]  P. Schroth,et al.  ERROR IN BLOOD-PRESSURE MEASUREMENT DUE TO INCORRECT CUFF SIZE IN OBESE PATIENTS , 1982, The Lancet.

[12]  R. Prineas,et al.  The effect of cuff size on blood pressure measurement in adults. , 1991, Epidemiology.

[13]  Carolyn Jarvis,et al.  Physical Examination and Health Assessment , 1992 .

[14]  B. Morgenstern,et al.  Human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometry. , 1993, Circulation.

[15]  F. V. van Ittersum,et al.  Determinants of the limits of agreement between the sphygmomanometer and the SpaceLabs 90207 device for blood pressure measurement in healthy volunteers and insulin‐dependent diabetic patients , 1998, Journal of hypertension.