An improved low power crystal oscillator

A CMOS crystal oscillator circuit is presented, which requires a lower supply voltage for the minimum current condition than circuits of the present state of the art. With this novel scheme, safe operation with minimum current consumption is possible for a battery voltage down to 1V. A further advantage is the simple, reliable and efficient interface circuit to the logic. Detailed measurements for 32 kHz quartz crystal oscillators are given and discussed to illustrate the performance.