Application of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Smart Antenna Array Systems

In wireless applications the antenna pattern is shaped so as to cancel interfering signals (placing nulls) and produce or steer a strong beam towards the wanted signal according to signal direction of arrival (DOA). Such antenna system is called smart antenna array. This chapter presents the efficiency of Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) compared to Genetic algorithm (GA) in solving antenna array pattern synthesis problem. Also PSO is applied to determine optimal antenna elements feed that provide null (minimum power) in the directions of the interfering signals while to maximize of radiation in the direction of the useful signal. Application for PSO algorithm in Direct Data Domain Least Squares (D3LS) approach that is used to estimate incoming signal is illustrated. Due to environment changing the target goal is changing so modification in the algorithm is proposed to provide optimal solution for varying real time target (to track the desired users and reject interference sources). The problem is formulated and solved by means of the proposed algorithm. Examples are simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness and the design flexibility of PSO in the framework of electromagnetic synthesis of linear arrays.