Exact data BER analysis of embedded fingerprint physical layer authentication over fading channels

: In this paper, under square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation and Nakagami- m fading channel assumptions, the bit error rate (BER) of the data transmission in an embedded fi ngerprint physical (PHY) layer authentication system is derived in a closed-form, and the correctness is validated by simulations. Analytical results show that the impact of the authentication tags on the data BER is substantial when the modulation orders are high. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) loss caused by the tags is also given in a closed-form, which turns out to be increasing with both modulation orders and the fading severity m .

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