The study of the feasibility of segmental bone defect repair with tissue- engineered bone membrane: a qualitative observation

The objective of the study was to investigate the feasibility of intramembranous osteogenesis from tissue-engineered bone membrane in vivo. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of rabbits were harvested, expanded and some of them were induced into osteoblasts. Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was converted by a series of physical and chemical procedures into a scaffold. MSCs and induced osteoblasts were seeded separately onto the scaffold, thus fabricating two kinds of tissue-engineered bone membrane. A total of 12 New Zealand rabbits were subjected to a surgical operation; a 15 mm bone segment, including the periosteum, was resected from the radius on both sides of each rabbit to create critical bone defects. The two kinds of tissue-engineered bone membrane and SIS (as control) were implanted randomly into the site of bone defect. The animals had radiographs and were killed after 4 weeks. The specimens were harvested and histological examination performed for evidence of osteogenesis. Bone tissue had formed in defects treated by the two kinds of tissue-engineered bone membrane at 4 weeks. This was supported by the X-ray and histological examination, which confirmed the segmental gap bridged by bone. There was no attempt to bridge in the bone defect treated by SIS. Tissue-engineered bone membrane, constructed by seeding allogeneic cells on an xenogeneic and bio-derived scaffold, can repair critical bone defects successfully.

[1]  S. Badylak,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor in porcine-derived extracellular matrix. , 2001, Endothelium : journal of endothelial cell research.

[2]  K. Shakesheff,et al.  Creating biomimetic micro-environments with synthetic polymer-peptide hybrid molecules. , 1998, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[3]  M J Yaszemski,et al.  Bone formation by three-dimensional stromal osteoblast culture in biodegradable polymer scaffolds. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[4]  S. Parikh.  Bone graft substitutes: past, present, future. , 2002, Journal of postgraduate medicine.

[5]  L. Griffith,et al.  Tissue Engineering--Current Challenges and Expanding Opportunities , 2002, Science.

[6]  O. Ringdén,et al.  Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit and Stimulate Mixed Lymphocyte Cultures and Mitogenic Responses Independently of the Major Histocompatibility Complex , 2003, Scandinavian journal of immunology.

[7]  P. Rameshwar,et al.  Veto-Like Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functional Discrimination Between Cellular Responses to Alloantigens and Recall Antigens1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[8]  S. Badylak,et al.  Endothelial cell adherence to small intestinal submucosa: an acellular bioscaffold. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[9]  O. Ringdén,et al.  Immunologic properties of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells. , 2004, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[10]  Nobuhisa Ishida,et al.  Osteogenic Potential of Primed Periosteum Graft in the Rat Calvarial Model , 2005, Annals of plastic surgery.

[11]  R. Meinig.  Polylactide membranes in the treatment of segmental diaphyseal defects: animal model experiments in the rabbit radius, sheep tibia, Yucatan minipig radius, and goat tibia. , 2002, Injury.

[12]  Olivier Gauthier,et al.  In vivo bone regeneration with injectable calcium phosphate biomaterial: a three-dimensional micro-computed tomographic, biomechanical and SEM study. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[13]  Hua Ye,et al.  Modelling nutrient transport in hollow fibre membrane bioreactors for growing three-dimensional bone tissue , 2006 .

[14]  R. Ewers,et al.  Expression pattern of the chromosome 21 transcription factor Ets2 in cell-seeded three-dimensional bone constructs. , 2005, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[15]  S. Badylak,et al.  XENOGENEIC EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX GRAFTS ELICIT A TH2-RESTRICTED IMMUNE RESPONSE1 , 2001, Transplantation.

[16]  Rolf Ewers,et al.  Analysis of cell-seeded 3-dimensional bone constructs manufactured in vitro with hydroxyapatite granules obtained from red algae. , 2005, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[17]  G. Vunjak‐Novakovic,et al.  Culture of organized cell communities. , 1998, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[18]  J. Polak,et al.  The stem cell in orthopaedic surgery. , 2004, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[19]  L. Bonassar,et al.  A novel approach to regenerating periodontal tissue by grafting autologous cultured periosteum. , 2006, Tissue engineering.

[20]  M. Pittenger,et al.  Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses. , 2005, Blood.

[21]  A. Meunier,et al.  Tissue-engineered bone regeneration , 2000, Nature Biotechnology.

[22]  Y. Ueyama,et al.  Self-setting barrier membrane for guided tissue regeneration method: initial evaluation of alginate membrane made with sodium alginate and calcium chloride aqueous solutions. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[23]  F. Marini,et al.  Clarification of the nomenclature for MSC: The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. , 2005, Cytotherapy.

[24]  H. Ohgushi,et al.  Cultured autologous human cells for hard tissue regeneration: preparation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow. , 2004, Artificial organs.

[25]  R Cancedda,et al.  Repair of large bone defects with the use of autologous bone marrow stromal cells. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  Q. Shang,et al.  Tissue-Engineered Bone Repair of Sheep Cranial Defects with Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cells , 2001, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[27]  N. Tomita,et al.  Bio-artificial periosteum for severe open fracture--an experimental study of osteogenic cell/collagen sponge composite as a bio-artificial periosteum. , 2005, Bio-medical materials and engineering.

[28]  J. Lieberman,et al.  Healing of a critical-sized defect in the rat femur with use of a vascularized periosteal flap, a biodegradable matrix, and bone morphogenetic protein. , 2005, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[29]  M. Pittenger,et al.  Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. , 1999, Science.