Harvested Power Wireless Sensor Network Solution for Disaggregated Current Estimation in Large Buildings

In modern economies, large service buildings are responsible for an important part of the global electrical energy consumption. The implementation of energy saving strategies can benefit from disaggregated consumption monitoring. To tackle this problem, a number of technological solutions exist, being however, expensive in equipment, installation and maintenance. Because of its decentralized operation principle, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an important tool to implement disaggregated electrical energy monitoring. The development of a self-powered, battery-free current sensor node for large WSNs may contribute to the implementation of monitoring solutions for large buildings. In this paper, a solution to monitor disaggregated consumption is presented, based on a contact-less power source for Zigbee nodes using a split-core toroidal coil current transformer (SCCT). The proposed device is able to power a battery-free wireless node estimating also the current drawn by the electrical load with a single SCCT. The SCCT is successfully applied to power a battery-free wireless device running a complex communication software stack. The proposed system is described through simulation as well as the experimental results.

[1]  Jae-Hyung Lee,et al.  Network joining algorithm for mobile nodes in ubiquitous sensor networks , 2010, 5th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology.

[2]  Eduardo Casilari-Pérez,et al.  Modeling of Current Consumption in 802.15.4/ZigBee Sensor Motes , 2010, Sensors.

[3]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  The Orphan Problem in ZigBee Wireless Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[4]  Mohammod Ali,et al.  A Miniature Energy Harvesting Device for Wireless Sensors in Electric Power System , 2010, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[5]  Yen Kheng Tan,et al.  Energy consumption analysis of ZigBee-based energy harvesting wireless sensor networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS).

[6]  Amrit Iyer,et al.  A low-cost electric-field energy harvester for an MV/HV asset-monitoring smart-sensor , 2013, 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[7]  Salar Chamanian,et al.  Demonstration of Energy-Neutral Operation on a WSN Testbed Using Vibration Energy Harvesting , 2014 .

[8]  Antonio Iera,et al.  From "smart objects" to "social objects": The next evolutionary step of the internet of things , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[9]  Miodrag D. Kusljevic.  On LS-Based Power Frequency Estimation Algorithms , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[10]  Zhiyi Wu,et al.  A Power Supply of Self-Powered Online Monitoring Systems for Power Cords , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[11]  J Ahola,et al.  Communication Concept for Sensors at an Inverter-Fed Electric Motor Utilizing Power-Line Communication and Energy Harvesting , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[12]  Jihoon Kim,et al.  Multi-dimensional channel management scheme to avoid beacon collision in LR-WPAN , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[13]  Jin Wang,et al.  Energy harvesting devices for high voltage transmission line monitoring , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[14]  Wook Hyun Kwon,et al.  Throughput and energy consumption analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA , 2005 .

[15]  F. J. T. E. Ferreira,et al.  Energy harvesting for Zigbee compliant Wireless Sensor Network nodes , 2012, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[16]  Cassiano Rech,et al.  Monitoring in Industrial Systems Using Wireless Sensor Network With Dynamic Power Management , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[17]  Hoseong Kim,et al.  Stray electric field energy harvesting technology using MEMS switch from insulated AC power lines , 2014 .

[18]  Chin-Jui Chang,et al.  Development of mechanisms for MAC channel selection to improve the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled network , 2010, 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Broadband Network and Multimedia Technology (IC-BNMT).

[19]  Rui Cortesao,et al.  Low cost wireless sensor network for in-field operation monitoring of induction motors , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology.

[20]  J. Fitch,et al.  Alternative Power Sources for Autonomous Sensors in High Voltage Plant , 2009, 2009 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference.

[21]  T. Zednicek,et al.  Tantalum and Niobium oxide capacitors: Field crystallization, leakage current kinetics and reliability , 2010, 2010 27th International Conference on Microelectronics Proceedings.

[22]  Helena Leppäkoski,et al.  Distributed Indoor Positioning System With Inertial Measurements and Map Matching , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[23]  Ekachai Leelarasmee,et al.  Adaptive electromagnetic energy harvesting circuit for wireless sensor application , 2009, 2009 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology.

[24]  Ruqiang Yan,et al.  Energy-Aware Sensor Node Design With Its Application in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[25]  Ricardo Severino,et al.  On the use of IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee for time-sensitive wireless sensor network applications , 2008 .

[26]  Eric C. Larson,et al.  Disaggregated End-Use Energy Sensing for the Smart Grid , 2011, IEEE Pervasive Computing.

[27]  Miguel Ángel Porta-Gándara,et al.  Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[28]  Martin Mienkina,et al.  Filter-Based Algorithm for Metering Applications , 2015 .

[29]  Chuang Lin,et al.  An Analytical Model for Evaluating IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA Protocol in Low-Rate Wireless Application , 2007, 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW'07).

[30]  Martin D. Judd,et al.  Harvesting Energy From Magnetic Fields to Power Condition Monitoring Sensors , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[31]  Jintae Kim,et al.  A Calibration Technique for Multibit Stage Pipelined A/D Converters via Least-Squares Method , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[32]  Yunseop Kim,et al.  Remote Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System Using a Distributed Wireless Sensor Network , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.