Is stem cell transplantation safe and effective in multiple sclerosis?

• Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a relatively new treatment for patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) that has not responded to treatment with disease modifying therapies • Very limited evidence from two small randomised controlled trials shows that aHSCT may slow disease activity and disability progression in some patients, but it is not known how this compares with newer, highly effective disease modifying therapies • Patients with highly active relapsing-remitting MS can be considered for aHSCT in specialist centres, and should be treated as part of a clinical trial or included in registry studies