Sequential transcriptional waves direct the differentiation of newborn neurons in the mouse neocortex

Tracking neuronal transcriptional programs Early in brain development, cortical neurons are born near the ventricles, then migrate to their functional destinations. Telley et al. used a fluorescent labeling technique to see what transcripts characterize these earliest stages of neural development. Waves of transcriptional programs are initiated, then passed by as the neuron progresses from proliferative to migratory and finally to connectivity phases. Science, this issue p. 1443 In vivo fluorescence labeling reveals neuron-specific primordial transcriptional programs as they dynamically unfold. During corticogenesis, excitatory neurons are born from progenitors located in the ventricular zone (VZ), from where they migrate to assemble into circuits. How neuronal identity is dynamically specified upon progenitor division is unknown. Here, we study this process using a high-temporal-resolution technology allowing fluorescent tagging of isochronic cohorts of newborn VZ cells. By combining this in vivo approach with single-cell transcriptomics in mice, we identify and functionally characterize neuron-specific primordial transcriptional programs as they dynamically unfold. Our results reveal early transcriptional waves that instruct the sequence and pace of neuronal differentiation events, guiding newborn neurons toward their final fate, and contribute to a road map for the reverse engineering of specific classes of cortical neurons from undifferentiated cells.

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