We combined airborne lidar and ground-based EM induction measurements with vegetation surveys along two transects across Mustang Island, a barrier island on the Texas coast, to examine whether these methods can be used to map coastal wetlands and associated geomorphic environments. Conductivity varied inversely with elevation along both transects. Elevation and conductivity profiles correlated reasonably well with habitat mapped in the largely imagery-based 1992 National Wetland Inventory (NWI), but they possessed greater detail and identified misclassified habitat. Detail achievable with elevation and conductivity data was similar to that achieved in on-the-ground vegetation surveys. Lowest elevations and highest conductivities were measured in saline environments (marine and estuarine units, forebeach, salt marsh, and wind-tidal flats). Highest elevations and lowest conductivities were measured in nonsaline environments (upland and palustrine units, dunes, vegetated-barrier flats, and fresh marsh). Elevation and conductivity data allow better discrimination among coastal wetland and geomorphic environments than can be achieved from image interpretation alone. Future work should include evaluating the effect of vegetation density on lidar-beam penetration, quantifying seasonal change in ground conductivity in fresh and saline coastal environments, examining the geographic variability of elevation and conductivity statistics, and evaluating the use of airborne EM sensors to measure ground conductivity at multiple exploration depths.