Tamper-indicating devices, often called “seals”, are meant to detect unauthorized access, entry, or tampering (NFESC, 1997; NFESC, 2000; Johnston, 1997c). Seals are widely used for a variety of applications including access control, cargo security, pilferage detection, banking, courier services, document and records integrity, customs, law and drug enforcement, hazardous materials accountability, nuclear safeguards & nonproliferation, counterespionage, counterterrorism, and consumer protection (Johnston, 2001d; Tyska, 1999). The U.S. Army frequently uses seals to detect pilferage and tampering with weapons during storage and shipment, and also to secure ammunition, medical supplies, soldier’s personal property, courier packages, and classified documents.
[1]
R. G. Johnston,et al.
The ‘Town Crier’ Approach to Monitoring
,
2002
.
[2]
Roger G. Johnston,et al.
Tamper detection for safeguards and treaty monitoring: Fantasies, realities, and potentials
,
2001
.
[3]
Rg Johnston.
Effective Vulnerability Assessment of Tamper-Indicating Seals
,
1997
.
[4]
J. L. Jones.
Improving tag/seal technologies: the vulnerability assessment component
,
1996
.
[5]
Roger G. Johnston,et al.
Were ancient seals secure?
,
2001,
Antiquity.
[6]
Roger G. Johnston.
Tamper‐indicating seals for nuclear disarmament and hazardous waste management
,
2001
.