End-to-End RMS Envelope Model of the ISAC-I Linac

A full end-to-end simulation of the ISAC-I linear accelerator has been built in the first order envelope code TRANSOPTR. This enables the fast tracking of rms sizes and correlations for a 6-dimensional hyperellipsoidal beam distribution defined around a Frenet-Serret reference particle frame, for which the equations guiding envelope evolution are numerically solved through a model of the machine’s electromagnetic potentials. Further, the adopted formalism enables the direct integration of energy gain via time-dependent accelerating potentials, without resorting to transit-time factors.