Connection between customer emotions and relationship quality in online music services

Previous research focuses primarily on studying the influence of emotions on satisfaction in online music services, whereas few studies analyse their effects on trust and commitment. This study specifically examines the interaction role of emotions in relationship quality (i.e. a higher-order construct composed of commitment, satisfaction and trust). We hypothesise that emotions will exert a direct effect on relationship quality, but will also moderate the relationship between its components. An empirical survey is used to test the hypotheses. Data are collected from a total of 408 users of online music services from the UK, Germany and Denmark. The results provide strong support for the proposals that, on the one hand, satisfaction and trust lead customers towards developing high commitment to online music services; and, on the other hand, emotions are important quasi-moderators to engage in online service relationships. The results of this study could help online music service providers (a) to create a successful business model; and (b) to determine the main drivers of online loyalty.

[1]  Lenita M. Davis,et al.  Empirical testing of a model of online store atmospherics and shopper responses , 2003 .

[2]  L. F. Lages,et al.  The Relationship between Buyer and a B2b E-Marketplace: Cooperation Determinants in an Electronic Market Context , 2006 .

[3]  James C. Anderson,et al.  STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING IN PRACTICE: A REVIEW AND RECOMMENDED TWO-STEP APPROACH , 1988 .

[4]  Daniel J. McAllister Affect- and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations , 1995 .

[5]  Sirkka L. Jarvenpaa,et al.  Consumer Trust in an Internet Store: A Cross-Cultural Validation , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[6]  A. Isen,et al.  The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations. , 1985, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[7]  Veronica Liljander,et al.  Emotions in service satisfaction , 1997 .

[8]  D. Berlyne,et al.  Aesthetics and Psychobiology , 1975 .

[9]  J. H. Gilmore,et al.  Welcome to the experience economy. , 1998, Harvard business review.

[10]  J. H. Davis,et al.  An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust , 1995 .

[11]  Madeleine E. Pullman,et al.  Ability of Experience Design Elements to Elicit Emotions and Loyalty Behaviors , 2004, Decis. Sci..

[12]  N. Tractinsky,et al.  What is beautiful is usable , 2000, Interact. Comput..

[13]  M. J. Sánchez-Franco The Moderating Effects of Involvement on the Relationships Between Satisfaction, Trust and Commitment in e-Banking , 2009 .

[14]  Juergen Gnoth,et al.  The theme park experience: an analysis of pleasure, arousal and satisfaction. , 2005 .

[15]  Clyde W. Holsapple,et al.  Building effective online game websites with knowledge-based trust , 2008, Inf. Syst. Frontiers.

[16]  K. Oatley,et al.  Human emotions: function and dysfunction. , 1992, Annual review of psychology.

[17]  James A. Narus,et al.  A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships , 1990 .

[18]  Martin Fassnacht,et al.  Consequences of Web-based service quality: Uncovering a multi-faceted chain of effects , 2007 .

[19]  George A. Marcoulides,et al.  Modern methods for business research , 1998 .

[20]  Luisa Andreu,et al.  Emotions in segmentation: An Empirical Study , 2004 .

[21]  P. K. Verleger Promises and problems , 1984 .

[22]  J. Russell A circumplex model of affect. , 1980 .

[23]  William R. Darden,et al.  Work and/or Fun: Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value , 1994 .

[24]  J. Edell,et al.  The Power of Feelings in Understanding Advertising Effects , 1987 .

[25]  G. Odekerken-Schröder,et al.  Store Satisfaction and Store Loyalty Explained by Customer- and Store-Related Factors , 2002 .

[26]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  Structural Equation Modeling and Regression: Guidelines for Research Practice , 2000, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[27]  Prabhudev Konana,et al.  The implications of online investing , 2000, Commun. ACM.

[28]  L. L. Shaw,et al.  Differentiating affect, mood, and emotion: Toward functionally based conceptual distinctions. , 1992 .

[29]  E. Gummesson The new marketing—Developing long-term interactive relationships , 1987 .

[30]  Jonathan D. Barsky,et al.  Evoking Emotion Affective Keys to Hotel Loyalty , 2002 .

[31]  M. Stone Cross‐Validatory Choice and Assessment of Statistical Predictions , 1976 .

[32]  Bernd Stauß,et al.  The qualitative satisfaction model , 1997 .

[33]  J. Forgas On mood and peculiar people : affect and person typicality in impression formation , 1992 .

[34]  R. Kumar,et al.  The Role of Affect in Negotiations , 1997 .

[35]  G. Hutton Net gain: Expanding markets through virtual communities , 1998 .

[36]  H. Mano Judgments under distress: Assessing the role of unpleasantness and arousal in judgment formation , 1992 .

[37]  Poul Houman Andersen,et al.  Emotions, trust and relationship development in business relationships: A conceptual model for buyer–seller dyads , 2006 .

[38]  John B. Cullen,et al.  Success through commitment and trust: the soft side of strategic alliance management , 2000 .

[39]  Shaked Gilboa,et al.  Store environment, emotions and approach behaviour: applying environmental aesthetics to retailing , 2003 .

[40]  Gregory S. Black Trust and Commitment: Reciprocal and Multidimensional Concepts in Distribution Relationships , 2008 .

[41]  G. Odekerken-Schröder,et al.  Assessing the Impact of a Retailer's Relationship Efforts on Consumers' Attitudes and Behavior , 2003 .

[42]  Fan Yang,et al.  Nonlinear structural equation models: The Kenny-Judd model with Interaction effects , 1996 .

[43]  C. Judd,et al.  Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. , 1993, Psychological bulletin.

[44]  J. Dutton,et al.  Reconceptualizing of the overjustification effect: A template-matching approach , 1983 .

[45]  T. Hennig-Thurau Relationship Marketing Success Through Investments in Customers , 2000 .

[46]  Jagdip Singh,et al.  Agency and trust mechanisms in consumer satisfaction and loyalty judgments , 2000 .

[47]  B. Kahn,et al.  The Impact of Context on Variety Seeking in Product Choices , 1995 .

[48]  Hsi-Peng Lu,et al.  Factors influencing online music purchase intention in Taiwan: An empirical study based on the value-intention framework , 2007, Internet Res..

[49]  L. Wheeler,et al.  Review of personality and social psychology , 1980 .

[50]  Gareth R. Jones,et al.  The experience and evolution of trust: Implications for cooperation and teamwork , 1998 .

[51]  W. Reinartz,et al.  On the Profitability of Long-Life Customers in a Noncontractual Setting: An Empirical Investigation and Implications for Marketing , 2000 .

[52]  Arjun Chaudhuri Product class effects on perceived risk: The role of emotion , 1998 .

[53]  Prabhudev Konana,et al.  Customer Satisfaction in Virtual Environments: A Study of Online Investing , 2003, Manag. Sci..

[54]  Xianggui Qu,et al.  Multivariate Data Analysis , 2007, Technometrics.

[55]  L. Harris,et al.  The four levels of loyalty and the pivotal role of trust: a study of online service dynamics , 2004 .

[56]  John P. Meyer,et al.  Testing the "Side-Bet Theory" of Organizational Commitment: Some Methodological Considerations , 1984 .

[57]  C. Fornell A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer: The Swedish Experience: , 1992 .

[58]  Barton A. Weitz,et al.  The Use of Pledges to Build and Sustain Commitment in , 1992 .

[59]  J. Chébat,et al.  Impact of ambient odors on mall shoppers' emotions, cognition, and spending: A test of competitive causal theories , 2003 .

[60]  Larry E. Toothaker,et al.  Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions , 1991 .

[61]  R. Oliver,et al.  Developing Better Measures of Consumer Satisfaction: Some Preliminary Results , 1981 .

[62]  B. Kahn,et al.  The Influence of Positive Affect on Variety Seeking among Safe, Enjoyable Products , 1993 .

[63]  Ellen R. Tauber,et al.  How Do People Evaluate a Web Site's Credibility? , 2002 .

[64]  Shane R. Thye,et al.  Emotion and Group Cohesion in Productive Exchange1 , 2000, American Journal of Sociology.

[65]  Lenita M. Davis,et al.  Atmospheric qualities of online retailing: A conceptual model and implications , 2001 .

[66]  A. Isen,et al.  Some perspectives on positive affect and self-regulation. , 2000 .

[67]  B. Fredrickson The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. , 2001, The American psychologist.

[68]  Haim Mano,et al.  Risk-Taking, Framing Effects, and Affect , 1994 .

[69]  Karl G. Jöreskog,et al.  Lisrel 8: Structural Equation Modeling With the Simplis Command Language , 1993 .

[70]  Wynne W. Chin,et al.  A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Electronic - Mail Emotion/Adoption Study , 2003, Inf. Syst. Res..

[71]  R. Larsen,et al.  Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion. , 1992 .

[72]  J. Rossiter,et al.  Store atmosphere: an environmental psychology approach , 1982 .

[73]  Castañeda Garciía,et al.  El comportamiento del usuario de Internet: Análisis de los antecedentes y consecuencias de la fidelidad , 2011 .

[74]  R. Oliver,et al.  The Dimensionality of Consumption Emotion Patterns and Consumer Satisfaction , 1991 .

[75]  J. Lewis,et al.  Trust as a Social Reality , 1985 .

[76]  L. Aspinwall Rethinking the Role of Positive Affect in Self-Regulation , 1998 .

[77]  Jochen Wirtz,et al.  Consumer Satisfaction with Services: Integrating the Environment Perspective in Services Marketing into the Traditional Disconfirmation Paradigm , 1999 .

[78]  Lyle R. Wetsch Trust, Satisfaction and Loyalty in Customer Relationship Management , 2006 .

[79]  Margaret Meiling Luo,et al.  Cognition, Emotion, Satisfaction, and Post-Adoption Behaviors of E-Service Customers , 2007, 2007 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'07).

[80]  Joseph P. Cannon,et al.  An Examination of the Nature of Trust in Buyer–Seller Relationships: , 1997 .

[81]  Heshan Sun,et al.  The Role of Affect in is Research: A Critical Survey and a Research Model, in Hci and Mis (I): Foundations , 2006 .

[82]  G. McClelland,et al.  Negative Consequences of Dichotomizing Continuous Predictor Variables , 2003 .

[83]  Laurette Dubé-Rioux The Power of Affective Reports in Predicting Satisfaction Judgments , 1990 .

[84]  R. Oliver Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective On The Consumer , 1996 .

[85]  R. Oliver Whence Consumer Loyalty? , 1999 .

[86]  David W. Gerbing,et al.  An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment , 1988 .

[87]  R. Gurrea,et al.  The role played by perceived usability, satisfaction and consumer trust on website loyalty , 2006, Inf. Manag..

[88]  Martin Faßnacht,et al.  Relationship Marketing: Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Customer Satisfaction and Customer Retention , 2017 .

[89]  Sung-joon Yoon,et al.  The antecedents and consequences of trust in online-purchase decisions , 2002 .

[90]  Lawrence A. Crosby,et al.  Relationship Quality in Services Selling: An Interpersonal Influence Perspective: , 1990 .

[91]  Charles J. Kacmar,et al.  Developing and Validating Trust Measures for e-Commerce: An Integrative Typology , 2002, Inf. Syst. Res..

[92]  L. F. Lages,et al.  The Relationship between Buyer and a B2B e-Marketplace: Cooperation Determinants in an Electronic Market Context , 2006 .

[93]  J. Russell,et al.  A Description of the Affective Quality Attributed to Environments , 1980 .

[94]  Julia Connell,et al.  Trust and HRM in the new millennium , 2003 .

[95]  Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp,et al.  The Effects of Trust and Interdependence on Relationship Commitment , 1996 .

[96]  T. Hennig-Thurau,et al.  The impact of customer satisfaction and relationship quality on customer retention: A critical reassessment and model development , 1997 .

[97]  Terrence H. Witkowski,et al.  Personal Bonding Processes in International Marketing Relationships , 1999 .

[98]  F. Sultan,et al.  Placing Trust at the Center of Your Internet Strategy , 2000 .

[99]  L. F. Barrett Discrete Emotions or Dimensions? The Role of Valence Focus and Arousal Focus , 1998 .

[100]  Mark S. Johnson,et al.  The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships , 1999 .

[101]  Haim Mano,et al.  Multi-attribute choice and affect: The influence of naturally occurring and manipulated moods on choice processes , 1993 .

[102]  Gitte Lindgaard,et al.  What is this evasive beast we call user satisfaction? , 2003, Interact. Comput..

[103]  J. Steenkamp,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of Satisfaction in Marketing Channel Relationships , 1999 .

[104]  E. Lawler An Affect Theory of Social Exchange1 , 2001, American Journal of Sociology.

[105]  Joseph P. Forgas,et al.  Emotion and Social Judgments , 2020 .

[106]  K. Jöreskog,et al.  Intraclass Reliability Estimates: Testing Structural Assumptions , 1974 .

[107]  S. Geisser A predictive approach to the random effect model , 1974 .

[108]  B. Fredrickson What Good Are Positive Emotions? , 1998, Review of general psychology : journal of Division 1, of the American Psychological Association.

[109]  Matthew K. O. Lee,et al.  EC-Trust (Trust in Electronic Commerce): Exploring the Antecedent Factors , 1999 .

[110]  J. Steenkamp,et al.  Generalizations about trust in marketing channel relationships using meta-analysis , 1998 .

[111]  G. Arundale The Psychology of the Emotions , 1898, Nature.

[112]  F. Sultan,et al.  Are the Drivers and Role of Online Trust the Same for All Web Sites and Consumers? A Large-Scale Exploratory Empirical Study , 2005 .

[113]  Patrick E. Murphy,et al.  Ethical and Legal Foundations of Relational Marketing Exchanges , 1993 .

[114]  Scott Dawson,et al.  Pleasure and arousal in the marketplace: Interpersonal differences in approach-avoidance responses , 1990 .

[115]  Laurette Dubé,et al.  Ensuring greater satisfaction by engineering salesperson response to customer emotions , 2000 .

[116]  F. Selnes Antecedents and consequences of trust and satisfaction in buyer‐seller relationships , 1998 .

[117]  Joseph J. Martocchio,et al.  Microcomputer playfulness: development of a measure with workplace implications , 1992 .

[118]  E. Hirschman,et al.  The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun , 1982 .

[119]  J. M. Carroll,et al.  On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect. , 1999, Psychological bulletin.

[120]  Dennis L. Hoffman,et al.  Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments : Conceptual Foundations 1 ) , 1998 .

[121]  N. Schwarz Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. , 1990 .

[122]  Rajesh Kumar,et al.  Differential Learning and Interaction in Alliance Dynamics: a Process and Outcome Discrepancy Model , 1998 .

[123]  Donnavieve N. Smith,et al.  Online Peer and Editorial Recommendations, Trust, and Choice in Virtual Markets , 2005 .

[124]  N. Schwarz,et al.  Happy and Mindless, But Sad and Smart? The Impact of Affective States on Analytic Reasoning , 1991 .

[125]  A. Rangaswamy,et al.  Customer satisfaction and loyalty in online and offline environments , 2003 .

[126]  Shuk Ying Ho,et al.  Human-computer interaction and management information systems: Foundations , 2008, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[127]  K. Ruyter,et al.  Customer Loyalty in High and Low Involvement Service Settings: The Moderating Impact of Positive Emotions , 1999 .

[128]  Venkatesh Shankar,et al.  Customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs: An illustration from a business-to-business service context , 2004 .

[129]  Eric J. Arnould,et al.  Consumers’ emotional responses to service encounters , 1995 .

[130]  D. Cicchetti Emotion and Adaptation , 1993 .

[131]  Lynn Isabella,et al.  Creating strategic alliances which endure , 1996 .

[132]  J. Turner Human Emotions: A Sociological Theory , 2007 .

[133]  Arjun Chaudhuri,et al.  Consumption Emotion and Perceived Risk: A Macro-Analytic Approach , 1997 .

[134]  Elizabeth Newton,et al.  Self-Enhancement Biases and Negotiator Judgment: Effects of Self-Esteem and Mood , 1993 .

[135]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[136]  Heshan Sun,et al.  A Research Model of Relationship Quality in E-Commerce: Connecting IS Factors with Marketing Profitability , 2007, AMCIS.

[137]  J. Webster,et al.  The Dimensionality and Correlates of Flow in Human-Computer Interactions. , 1993 .

[138]  Michel Tuan Pham,et al.  Informational Properties of Anxiety and Sadness, and Displaced Coping , 2006 .

[139]  Jan-Bernd Lohmöller,et al.  Latent Variable Path Modeling with Partial Least Squares , 1989 .

[140]  O. Williamson Calculativeness, Trust, and Economic Organization , 1993, The Journal of Law and Economics.

[141]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  Trust and TAM in Online Shopping: An Integrated Model , 2003, MIS Q..

[142]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  Estimating the nonlinear and interactive effects of latent variables. , 1984 .

[143]  Dennis F. Galletta,et al.  Human-Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems – Foundations , 2006 .

[144]  R. Darlington,et al.  Regression and Linear Models , 1990 .

[145]  Ping Zhang,et al.  A person-artefact-task (PAT) model of flow antecedents in computer-mediated environments , 2003, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[146]  Anol Bhattacherjee,et al.  Understanding Information Systems Continuance: An Expectation-Confirmation Model , 2001, MIS Q..

[147]  Rodolfo Vázquez,et al.  The effect of market orientation on buyer–seller relationship satisfaction , 2003 .

[148]  S. Swanson,et al.  The role of relationship quality in the stratification of vendors as perceived by customers , 1998 .

[149]  R. Westbrook Product/Consumption-Based Affective Responses and Postpurchase Processes , 1987 .

[150]  Herman Wold,et al.  Soft modelling: The Basic Design and Some Extensions , 1982 .

[151]  G. Zaltman,et al.  Relationships between Providers and Users of Market Research: The Dynamics of Trust within and between Organizations , 1992 .

[152]  Stephen S. Tax,et al.  Customer Evaluations of Service Complaint Experiences: Implications for Relationship Marketing , 1998 .

[153]  Oded Lowengart,et al.  Web-Store Aesthetics in E- Retailing: A Conceptual Framework and Some Theoretical Implications , 2007 .

[154]  B. Kahn,et al.  Cross-category effects of induced arousal and pleasure on the Internet shopping experience , 2002 .

[155]  F. Dwyer,et al.  Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships: , 1987 .

[156]  R. Sitgreaves Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). , 1979 .

[157]  Edward G. Carmines,et al.  Reliability and Validity Assessment , 1979 .

[158]  S. Hunt,et al.  The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing , 1994 .

[159]  M. Manis Cognitive Social Psychology , 1977 .

[160]  Jacob Cohen Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences , 1969, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[161]  Morton Deutschi The Effect of Motivational Orientation upon Trust and Suspicion , 1960 .

[162]  José Alberto Castañeda-García El comportamiento del usuario de Internet: Análisis de los antecedentes y consecuencias de la fidelidad , 2005 .

[163]  Steve Muylle,et al.  The role of pleasure in web site success , 2006, Inf. Manag..

[164]  A. Isen,et al.  Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. , 1987, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[165]  Prashanth U. Nyer,et al.  The role of emotions in marketing , 1999 .

[166]  J. B. Smith Buyer–Seller relationships: Similarity, relationship management, and quality , 1998 .