PKM2 promotes lymphatic metastasis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma via regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Objective Patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) have a poor prognosis mainly because of lymphatic metastasis (LM). This research aimed to determine the PKM2 role in LM in HPC and the underlying molecular mechanism contributing to this phenomenon. Methods PKM2 in HPC was studied for its expression and its likelihood of overall survival using TCGA dataset. Kaplan-Meier and COX's regression analysis were employed to determine PKM2's prognostic value, while western blotting, qRT-PCR, and IHC were employed to con�rm PKM2 expression. Methods including gain-and loss-of-function were used to examine the PKM2 role in HPC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. After that, Transwell assay, Wound Healing assay, Flow cytometry, EdU, and an in vivo Popliteal lymphatic metastasis mice model were employed to show the role of PKM2 in FaDu cell lines. In vitro and in vivo studies also con�rmed lymphatic metastasis's mechanism.

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