Smart Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles to Support Grid with High Penetration of Renewable Energy

Abstract High penetration of renewable energy to the grid may cause a number of problems such as supply and demand mismatch, voltage fluctuations and even network instability. Electric Vehicles (EVs) with on-board batteries are capable of supporting the grid with large integration of renewable energy sources by absorbing (charging) the excessive amount of energy and returning it (discharging) to grid when needed. This paper proposes a new smart control algorithm using the idea of Certainty Equavilent and Adaptive Control and a ”customer participating program” to coordinate both the charging and discharging of EVs to achieve the above objective. The advantages of the proposed algorithm come from its simplicity, robustness and hence a promising opportunity for real-life applications in future smart grid. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evident by the numerical simulations on a micro-grid system with high penetration level of wind energy