Impedance spectroscopy study of conducting polymer blends of PEDOT:PSS and PVA

Abstract Blends of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) have many potential applications including microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other electronic devices. Specifically, PEDOT:PSS acts as the electrical conductor, while the PVA provides ductility and other mechanical enhancements. Concentrations of PEDOT:PSS at 20, 30 and 40 weight percentage (wt%) in PEDOT:PSS/PVA mixtures have been found to provide optimal mechanical and electrical properties. PEDOT:PSS/PVA films are prepared using a casting method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to investigate the electrical properties. The extrapolated DC conductivities are obtained in a dry nitrogen environment at room temperature and determined to be 3.917 × 10−8, 2.383 × 10−7 and 8.369 × 10−6 S/cm, respectively, for 20, 30 and 40 wt%. In addition, as a means to better explore the conduction as a function of temperature, impedance spectroscopy measurements for the 30 wt% PEDOT:PSS are determined over a range of temperatures from 24.5 °C to 79.5 °C. The corresponding extrapolated DC conductivities are found to increase by a factor of about four with increase in temperature from 4.617 × 10−8 S/cm at 24.5 °C to 2.083 × 10−7 S/cm at 79.5 °C.

[1]  J. C. de Mello,et al.  Influence of thermal treatment on the conductivity and morphology of PEDOT/PSS films , 2003 .

[2]  S. Kirchmeyer,et al.  Scientific importance, properties and growing applications of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) , 2005 .

[3]  Roberto Kawakami Harrop Galvão,et al.  Fractional Order Modeling of Large Three-Dimensional RC Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[4]  S. Biswas,et al.  Dielectric relaxation in polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol composites , 2002 .

[5]  Friedrich Kremer,et al.  Broadband dielectric spectroscopy , 2003 .

[6]  J. Reynolds,et al.  Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and Its Derivatives: Past, Present, and Future , 2000 .

[7]  Stelios A. Choulis,et al.  Thermal degradation mechanisms of PEDOT:PSS , 2009 .

[8]  Darryl P Almond,et al.  The dielectric properties of random R - C networks as an explanation of the `universal' power law dielectric response of solids , 1999 .

[9]  Y. Piryatinski,et al.  Evidence of the controlled interaction between PEDOT and PSS in the PEDOT:PSS complex via concentration changes of the complex solution. , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[10]  J. F. Rubinson,et al.  Charge transport in conducting polymers: insights from impedance spectroscopy. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[11]  Yang Yang,et al.  On the mechanism of conductivity enhancement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film through solvent treatment , 2004 .

[12]  C. T. Moynihan,et al.  Comments on the electric modulus function , 2005 .

[13]  Tung,et al.  Origin of the excess capacitance at intimate Schottky contacts. , 1988, Physical review letters.

[14]  Stelios A. Choulis,et al.  Conductivity Degradation Study of PEDOT: PSS Films under Heat Treatment in Helium and Atmospheric Air , 2012 .

[15]  F. Huet.  A review of impedance measurements for determination of the state-of-charge or state-of-health of secondary batteries , 1998 .

[16]  G. Psarras,et al.  Electric modulus and interfacial polarization in composite polymeric systems , 1998 .

[17]  Hugh R. Brown,et al.  Polymer Mobility In Thin Films , 1996 .

[18]  H.C.F. Martens,et al.  Frequency-dependent electrical response of holes in poly(p- phenylene vinylene) , 1999 .

[19]  Valentin D. Mihailetchi,et al.  Hole Transport in Poly(phenylene vinylene)/Methanofullerene Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells , 2004 .

[20]  Karl Willy Wagner,et al.  Erklärung der dielektrischen Nachwirkungsvorgänge auf Grund Maxwellscher Vorstellungen , 1914 .

[21]  Edward S. Yang,et al.  Negative capacitance at metal-semiconductor interfaces , 1990 .

[22]  S. Voigt,et al.  Drift in the resistance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) printed films during thermal cycling , 2011 .

[23]  L. Valdevit,et al.  Mechanical characterizations of cast Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)/Polyvin , 2011 .

[24]  Lawrence Kulinsky,et al.  Electrical conductivity of polymer blends of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate): N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone and polyvinyl alcohol , 2012 .

[25]  E. Barsoukov,et al.  Impedance spectroscopy : theory, experiment, and applications , 2005 .