Use and Implications of a Shared, Forecasting Calendar

Changes in modern work environments, combined with advances in sensing and machine intelligence, have given rise to a new class of groupware applications that seeks to facilitate workplace communication through the prediction of future availability and/or location. We present the results of a four-month deployment of an experimental predictive calendar system in an academic setting. While participants appreciated several novel features of the system, most resisted adoption due to the uncertainty of its predictions, its effects on privacy and impression management, and accessibility issues. We present implications for designers who seek to incorporate forecasting components into their groupware tools using observations from the study.

[1]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Emerging Norms: Feature Constellations Based on Activity Patterns and Incentive Differences , 2001 .

[2]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Emerging Groupware Successes in Major Corporations: Studies of Adoption and Adaptation , 1997, WWCA.

[3]  Joe Tullio,et al.  How it works: a field study of non-technical users interacting with an intelligent system , 2007, CHI.

[4]  Eric Horvitz,et al.  Attention-Sensitive Alerting , 1999, UAI.

[5]  James Fogarty,et al.  Presence versus availability: the design and evaluation of a context-aware communication client , 2004, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[6]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  A model for human interruptability: experimental evaluation and automatic estimation from wearable sensors , 2004, Eighth International Symposium on Wearable Computers.

[7]  John C. Tang,et al.  Lilsys: Sensing Unavailability , 2004, CSCW.

[8]  James Fogarty,et al.  Examining the robustness of sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility , 2004, CHI.

[9]  Takashi Masuda,et al.  Worldwide Computing and Its Applications , 1997, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[10]  Eric Horvitz,et al.  Coordinates: Probabilistic Forecasting of Presence and Availability , 2002, UAI.

[11]  David B. Beard,et al.  A visual calendar for scheduling group meetings , 1990, CSCW '90.

[12]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Discretionary Adoption of Group Support Software: Lessons from Calendar Applications , 2003, Implementing Collaboration Technologies in Industry.

[13]  Leysia Palen,et al.  Social, individual and technological issues for groupware calendar systems , 1999, CHI '99.

[14]  Bjørn Erik Munkvold,et al.  Implementing Collaboration Technologies in Industry , 2003, Computer Supported Cooperative Work.

[15]  Eric Horvitz,et al.  Models of attention in computing and communication , 2003, Commun. ACM.

[16]  Christopher G. Atkeson,et al.  Predicting human interruptibility with sensors: a Wizard of Oz feasibility study , 2003, CHI '03.

[17]  Joe Tullio,et al.  Augmenting shared personal calendars , 2002, UIST '02.

[18]  James Begole,et al.  Activity rhythm detection and modeling , 2003, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[19]  R. W. Root,et al.  Informal Communication in Organizations: Form, Function, and Technology , 1990 .

[20]  Marisa E. Campbell CSCW 2004 , 2004, INTR.

[21]  Joe Tullio,et al.  Inferring calendar event attendance , 2001, IUI '01.

[22]  Owen Daly-Jones,et al.  Informal workplace communication: what is it like and how might we support it? , 1994, CHI '94.

[23]  Abigail Sellen,et al.  Design for Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing Environments , 1993, ECSCW.