Photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium bounded externally or internally by an infinitely long circular cylindrical applicator. VI. Time-domain analysis.

Part VI analytically examines time-domain (TD) photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium enclosed by a "concave" circular cylindrical applicator or enclosing a "convex" circular cylindrical applicator, both geometries being infinite in the longitudinal dimension. The aim is to assess characteristics of TD photon diffusion, in response to a spatially and temporally impulsive source, versus the line-of-sight source-detector distance along the azimuthal or longitudinal direction on the concave or convex medium-applicator interface. By comparing to their counterparts evaluated along a straight line on a semi-infinite medium-applicator interface versus the same source-detector distance, the following patterns are indicated: (1) the peak photon fluence rate is always reached sooner in concave and later in convex geometry; (2) the peak photon fluence rate decreases slower along the azimuthal and faster along the longitudinal direction on the concave interface, and conversely on the convex interface; (3) the total photon fluence decreases slower along the azimuthal and faster along the longitudinal direction on the concave interface, and conversely on the convex interface; (4) the ratio between the peak photon fluence rate and the total fluence is always greater in concave geometry and smaller in convex geometry. The total fluence is equivalent to the steady-state photon fluence analyzed in Part I [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A27, 648 (2010)10.1364/JOSAA.27.000648JOAOD61084-7529]. The patterns of peak fluence rate, time to reaching peak fluence rate, and the ratio of these two, correspond to those of AC amplitude, phase, and modulation depth of frequency-domain results demonstrated in Part IV [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A29, 1445 (2012)10.1364/JOSAA.29.001445JOAOD61084-7529].

[1]  Simon R. Arridge,et al.  Application of the finite-element method for the forward and inverse models in optical tomography , 1993, Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision.

[2]  S R Arridge,et al.  The theoretical basis for the determination of optical pathlengths in tissue: temporal and frequency analysis. , 1992, Physics in medicine and biology.

[3]  Feng Gao,et al.  Optical tomographic mapping of cerebral haemodynamics by means of time-domain detection: methodology and phantom validation. , 2004, Physics in medicine and biology.

[4]  Didier Vray,et al.  Bimodal ultrasound and fluorescence approach for prostate cancer diagnosis. , 2009, Journal of biomedical optics.

[5]  B. Wilson,et al.  Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-invasive measurement of tissue optical properties. , 1989, Applied optics.

[6]  F Martelli,et al.  Performance of fitting procedures in curved geometry for retrieval of the optical properties of tissue from time-resolved measurements. , 2001, Applied optics.

[7]  Hamid Dehghani,et al.  Endoscopic, rapid near-infrared optical tomography. , 2006, Optics letters.

[8]  Xavier Intes,et al.  Time-resolved diffuse optical tomography with patterned-light illumination and detection. , 2010, Optics letters.

[9]  Jean-Marc Dinten,et al.  Optical calibration protocol for an x-ray and optical multimodality tomography system dedicated to small-animal examination. , 2009, Applied optics.

[10]  Feng Gao,et al.  Combined hemoglobin and fluorescence diffuse optical tomography for breast tumor diagnosis: a pilot study on time-domain methodology , 2013, Biomedical optics express.

[11]  Alwin Kienle,et al.  Light diffusion in a turbid cylinder. II. Layered case. , 2010, Optics express.

[12]  Daqing Piao,et al.  Photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium bounded externally or internally by an infinitely long circular cylindrical applicator. III. Synthetic study of continuous-wave photon fluence rate along unique spiral paths. , 2012, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[13]  M. Schweiger,et al.  A finite element approach for modeling photon transport in tissue. , 1993, Medical physics.

[14]  D. Piao,et al.  In vivo trans-rectal ultrasound-coupled near-infrared optical tomography of intact normal canine prostate , 2009 .

[15]  Hanli Liu,et al.  Hierarchical clustering method to improve transrectal ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography for prostate cancer imaging. , 2014, Academic radiology.

[16]  Alessandro Torricelli,et al.  Spectroscopic time-resolved diffuse reflectance and transmittance measurements of the female breast at different interfiber distances , 2019 .

[17]  Haesun Choi,et al.  Using a priori structural information from magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the feasibility of prostate diffuse optical tomography and spectroscopy: a simulation study. , 2006, Medical physics.

[18]  Miriam Leeser,et al.  The effect of temporal impulse response on experimental reduction of photon scatter in time-resolved diffuse optical tomography. , 2013, Physics in medicine and biology.

[19]  Alwin Kienle,et al.  Light diffusion in a turbid cylinder. I. Homogeneous case. , 2010, Optics express.

[20]  Heidrun Wabnitz,et al.  Scanning Time-domain Optical Mammography: Detection and Characterization of Breast Tumors In Vivo , 2005, Technology in cancer research & treatment.

[21]  L. O. Svaasand,et al.  Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer. , 1994, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[22]  Y. Tanikawa,et al.  Imaging of forearm-muscle activities by CP-MCT and TR-DOT , 2009, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[23]  J. L'Huillier,et al.  Finite element approach to photon propagation modeling in semi-infinite homogeneous and multilayered tissue structures , 2006 .

[24]  A. Dale,et al.  Robust inference of baseline optical properties of the human head with three-dimensional segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging. , 2003, Applied optics.

[25]  Hamid Dehghani,et al.  Near infrared optical tomography using NIRFAST: Algorithm for numerical model and image reconstruction. , 2009, Communications in numerical methods in engineering.

[26]  Gang Yao,et al.  Photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium bounded externally or internally by an infinitely long circular cylindrical applicator. II. Quantitative examinations of the steady-state theory. , 2011, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[27]  J. B. Domínguez,et al.  Light propagation from fluorescent probes in biological tissues by coupled time-dependent parabolic simplified spherical harmonics equations , 2011, Biomedical optics express.

[28]  D Contini,et al.  Photon migration through a turbid slab described by a model based on diffusion approximation. I. Theory. , 1997, Applied optics.

[29]  Brian W Pogue,et al.  Photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium bounded externally or internally by an infinitely long circular cylindrical applicator. I. Steady-state theory. , 2010, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[30]  A Taddeucci,et al.  Photon migration through a turbid slab described by a model based on diffusion approximation. II. Comparison with Monte Carlo results. , 1997, Applied optics.

[31]  Daqing Piao,et al.  Photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium bounded externally or internally by an infinitely long circular cylindrical applicator. V. Steady-state fluorescence. , 2013, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[32]  Daqing Piao,et al.  Photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium bounded externally or internally by an infinitely long circular cylindrical applicator. IV. Frequency-domain analysis. , 2012, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[33]  S. Achilefu,et al.  In vivo fluorescence lifetime tomography. , 2009, Journal of biomedical optics.

[34]  V V Tuchin,et al.  Effect of the scattering delay on time-dependent photon migration in turbid media. , 1997, Applied optics.