Palliative Therapie des inoperablen Gallengangskarzinoms

Ü b esich en Das Gallengangskarzinom ist mit einer Inzidenz von weniger als 3/ 100 000 eine seltene Erkrankung (59). Die extrahepatischen Gallengangskarzinome werden in distale und (peri-)hiläre Tumoren unterteilt (15). Letztere werden auch als Klatskin-Tumoren bezeichnet und nach der Bismuth-Klassifikation eingeteilt (8). Bei Verdacht auf ein distales Gallengangskarzinom müssen ein Pankreaskopfkarzinom und ein Papillenkarzinom ausgeschlossen werden. Hilusnahe Gallengangskarzinome müssen differentialdiagnostisch von Gallenblasenkarzinomen und Metastasen von Primärtumoren anderer Lokalisation abgegrenzt werden. Leitsymptom ist der schmerzlose Ikterus. Diagnostisch kommen Ultraschall und endoskopische retrograde Cholangiographie (ERC) zum Einsatz. Bei geringer Tumormasse und fehlender Leberparenchymbeteiligung können extrahepatische Tumoren mittels Computertomographie (CT) oftmals nicht direkt dargestellt werden. Die Magnetresonanz-Cholangiographie (MRC) ist der ERC hinsichtlich der Bildgebung wahrscheinlich gleichwertig (1,4). Die Diagnosesicherung mit Hilfe endoskopisch gewonnener Biopsien ist schwierig, da selbst eine Kombination aus Bürstenzytologie, Zangenbiopsie und Feinnadelaspiration nur bei 60% der Patienten die Diagnose sichert (31). Der Tumormarker CA 19–9 hat bei niedriger Spezifität eine Sensitivität von 50% und liefert insbesondere bei Cholestase falsch positive Befunde (49).

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