Variations in the Supraglottal Air Pressure Waveform and Their Articulatory Interpretation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the variations in the supraglottal air pressure waveform and their articulatory interpretation. An air pressure increase in the supraglottal cavity is associated with the production of many consonants. This rapid change in pressure results from the sudden narrowing of the vocal tract at the consonantal point of articulation in the presence of positive pulmonic pressure. The purposes of the research presented in the chapter were (1) to investigate the relationship between variations in supraglottal air pressure and stop consonant articulation and (2) to determine the additional information such data may yield concerning the underlying motor programming of this class of consonants. Regarding the motor programming of stop consonants, the findings point to the possibility that voiced stops incorporate a rapid supraglottal volume change in synchrony with the laryngeal adjustment to induce the additional transglottal air flow necessary to momentarily sustain voicing during the occluded portion of the stop. The motor program controlling the production of voiced stops must include not only a laryngeal, but also a supraglottal adjustment to compensate for the aerodynamic effects of the stop occlusion.

[1]  A. Malécot,et al.  The Force of Articulation of American Stops and Fricatives as a Function of Position , 1968 .

[2]  André Rigault,et al.  Phonetic Factors Affecting Intraoral Air Pressure Associated with Stop Consonants , 1972 .

[3]  A Seireg,et al.  The prediction of muscular lad sharing and joint forces in the lower extremities during walking. , 1975, Journal of biomechanics.

[4]  K. Stevens.  Airflow and Turbulence Noise for Fricative and Stop Consonants: Static Considerations , 1971 .

[5]  Antonio Pedotti,et al.  Optimization of muscle-force sequencing in human locomotion , 1978 .

[6]  W. S. Brown,et al.  Relation of Intraoral Air Pressure to Oral Cavity Size , 1969 .

[7]  Kenneth N. Stevens,et al.  STUDIES OF ARTICULATORY ACTIVITY AND AIRFLOW DURING SPEECH * , 1968 .

[8]  S. J. Kline,et al.  Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample Experiments , 1953 .

[9]  Hajime Hirose,et al.  Stop Consonant Voicing and Pharyngeal Cavity Size , 1973 .

[10]  R A Prosek,et al.  Intraoral air pressure as a feedback cue in consonant production. , 1975, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[11]  W S Brown,et al.  Constancy of intraoral air pressure. , 1969, Folia phoniatrica.

[12]  A. Malécot,et al.  The Effectiveness of Intra-Oral Air-Pressure-Pulse Parameters in Distinguishing Between Stop Cognates , 1966 .

[13]  J F Lubker,et al.  Simultaneous measurements of intraoral pressure, force of labial contact, and labial electromyographic activity during production of the stop consonant cognates (p) and (b). , 1970, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[14]  J. W. Black,et al.  The pressure component in the production of consonants. , 1950, The Journal of speech disorders.

[15]  W. S. Brown,et al.  Relationship of lingual and intraoral air pressures during syllable production. , 1973, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[16]  P. Doornenbal,et al.  On the Air Resistance and the Bernoulli Effect of the Human Larynx , 1957 .

[17]  Lubker Jf,et al.  SIMULTANEOUS ORAL-NASAL AIR FLOW MEASUREMENTS AND CINEFLUOROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS DURING SPEECH PRODUCTION. , 1965 .

[18]  J. Drazen,et al.  Distribution of pulmonary resistance: effects of gas density, viscosity, and flow rate. , 1976, Journal of applied physiology.

[19]  Raymond D. Kent,et al.  Vocal-tract characteristics of the stop cognates. , 1969, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[20]  E D Michaelson,et al.  Pulmonary mechanics by spectral analysis of forced random noise. , 1975, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[21]  G. Sant'ambrogio,et al.  Mechanics of the trachea and behaviour of its slowly adapting stretch receptors. , 1979, The Journal of physiology.

[22]  J Richalet,et al.  Frequency response of the chest: modeling and parameter estimation. , 1975, Journal of applied physiology.

[23]  John W. Clark,et al.  Analog Computer Simulation of Maximum Expiratory Flow Limitation , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[24]  W S Brown,et al.  Letter: Letter: Further observations of intraoral pressures during sentence production. , 1974, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[25]  Peter F. MacNeilage,et al.  Glottal dynamics during Hindi bilabial plosives and the glottal fricative , 1974 .

[26]  L. Lisker,et al.  Supraglottal Air Pressure in the Production of English Stops , 1970, Language and speech.

[27]  G Chauvet,et al.  Discussion on basic equations for a flow in human air passages and their representation. , 1978, International journal of bio-medical computing.

[28]  D. Olson,et al.  Fluid mechanics relevant to respiration : flow within curved or elliptical tubes and bifurcating systems , 1971 .

[29]  Frank T. Smith,et al.  Pulsatile flow in curved pipes , 1975, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[30]  James L. Flanagan,et al.  Direct determination of vocal tract wall impedance , 1975 .

[31]  Paul Mermelstein.  An Extension of Flanagan's Model of Vocal‐Cord Oscillations , 1971 .

[32]  A. Malécot,et al.  The Effect of Syllabic Rate and Loudness on the Force of Articulation of American Stops and Fricatives , 1969 .

[33]  Nan-Suey Liu,et al.  Finite Difference Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations for Incompressible Three-Dimensional Internal Flows , 1976 .

[34]  R. Ringel,et al.  AIR FLOW DURING THE PRODUCTION OF SELECTED CONSONANTS. , 1964, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[35]  D. L. Fry,et al.  Physiologic recording by modern instruments with particular reference to pressure recording. , 1960, Physiological reviews.

[36]  N H Hwang,et al.  A review of the bases for the hydraulic transmission line equations as applied to circulatory systems. , 1972, Journal of biomechanics.

[37]  R. Netsell,et al.  Subglottal and Intraoral Air Pressures during the Intervocalic Contrast of /t/ and /d/ , 1969 .

[38]  W. S. Brown,et al.  Aerodynamic and acoustic study of stress in sentence productions. , 1974, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[39]  Joanne D. Subtelny,et al.  Intraoral Pressure and Rate of Flow During Speech , 1966 .

[40]  J C Hardy,et al.  Peak intraoral air pressures during speech. , 1967, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[41]  Chin-Wu Kim.  A Theory of Aspiration , 1970 .

[42]  M. Rothenberg.  The Breath-Stream Dynamics of Simple-Released Plosive Production , 1968 .

[43]  D. W. Warren,et al.  A PRESSURE-FLOW TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING VELOPHARYNGEAL ORIFICE AREA DURING CONTINUOUS SPEECH. , 1964, The Cleft palate journal.

[44]  J. Ohala.  mathematical model of speech aerodynamics , 1974, Annual Report of the Institute of Phonetics University of Copenhagen.

[45]  W.S. Brown, jr.,et al.  Intraoral Air Pressures Associated with Specific Phonetic Positions , 1970 .

[46]  G Chauvet,et al.  A physical model of time-dependent flow in the human air passages. , 1977, International journal of bio-medical computing.

[47]  J C Hardy,et al.  Dynamic characteristics of air-pressure measuring systems used in speech research. , 1971, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[48]  W. S. Brown,et al.  Peak intraoral air pressures in whispered stop consonants , 1976 .

[49]  Raymond D. Kent,et al.  Cinefluorographic analyses of selected lingual consonants. , 1972, Journal of speech and hearing research.