The Anatomy of Influence: Decision-Making in International Organization. By Robert W. Cox, Harold K. Jacobson, Gerard and Victoria Curzon, Joseph S. Nye, Lawrence Scheinman, James P. Sewell, and Susan Strange. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973. Pp. 497. $15.00.)

strengthened the Soviet position in international affairs (p. 35); otherwise it was opposed, the Biafran case being the prime example. Although the Eastern Nigerian leaders had earlier been praised as the progressive forces who were resisting "the feudalists and comprador bourgeoisie of the Northern and Western regions" (p. 169), in the Biafran rebellion the Soviet Union supported the stronger Federal Government against the weaker Ibo rebels in order to secure access to Nigerian markets, to displace British dominance, to impress the OAU and many black African governments, and for other pragmatic reasons. The author points out that the death of I. I. Potekhin (the leading Soviet Africanist) in September 1964, and the deposition of Khrushchev in October made possible a flourishing debate on the applicability of the Soviet nation-building model to Africa. The 1966 declaration of the Brezhnev-Kosygin regime that the domestic development of the Soviet Union was its primary internationalist duty, was accompanied by a consequent waning of official interest in Africa, which freed the academic community from some of its earlier constraints. The analysis of the ensuing debate on national integration in Africa is the heart of Professor Cohn's book. The Soviet model on nation building had emphasized a dominant nationality group, universal education, a single national language, and the eradication of religion and traditional cultural values. The inapplicability of this model to most African countries was already apparent to Soviet scholars who, toward the end of the Khrushchev era, had begun to urge a gradual approach toward social reform. Now the Soviet Africanists, somewhat like those in the United States, began to acknowledge the progressiveness of some of Africa's military leaders. Soviet scholars pointed out that the vanguard parties used in the integration of the U.S.S.R. could degenerate in Africa into institutions with little contact with the masses. The development of socialist economies and political parties would therefore be a slow process.