Cooperation of Wind Power and Battery Storage to Provide Frequency Regulation in Power Markets

In the future power system with high penetration of renewables, renewable energy is expected to undertake part of the responsibility for frequency regulation, just as the conventional generators. Wind power and battery storage are complementary in accuracy and durability when providing frequency regulation. Therefore, it would be profitable to combine wind power and battery storage as a physically connected entity or a virtual power plant to provide both energy and frequency regulation in the markets. This paper proposes a real-time cooperation scheme to exploit their complementary characteristics and an optimal bidding strategy for them in joint energy and regulation markets, considering battery cycle life. The proposed cooperation scheme is adopted in a real-time battery operating simulation and then incorporated into the optimal bidding model. The scheme could improve the wind regulation performance score and allow for more regulation bids without affecting the battery life, thus significantly increasing the overall revenue. The validity of the proposed scheme and strategy are proved by the case study.