Upper and lower bounds on switching energy in VLSI

A technology-independent framework is established for measuring the<?Pub Fmt italic>switching energy<?Pub Fmt /italic> consumed by verylarge scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. Techniques are developed foranalyzing functional energy consumption, and for designingenergy-efficient VLSI circuits. A wire (or gate) in a circuit usesswitching energy when it changes state from 1 to 0 or vice versa. Thispaper develops the <?Pub Fmt italic>Uniswitch Model(USM)<?Pub Fmt /italic> of energy consumption, which measures thedifferences between pairs of states of an embeddedcircuit.… <abstrbyl>—<?Pub Fmt italic>From the Author's Abstract<?Pub Fmt /italic></abstrbyl>