The Calcium-Containing Renal Stone [Abridged]

THE calcium-containing renal calculus, like chronic duodenal ulcer and many cases of hormone-controlled carcinoma of the prostate and of the breast, is not a local disease of a part of the organ concerned; such a stone is usually the result of pathological changes affecting the renal parenchyma as a whole, and sometimes it results from abnormalities in organs remote from the kidney, for instance the parathyroid gland. For a long time the attention of the surgeon was mainly concerned with the local lesion, because of the pain that it caused and because it was so often associated with infection and ultimately with serious damage to the renal parenchyma. The practical difficulties which face the surgeon, as well as the need for wider knowledge, are shown by the following case:-

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