The cascade analysis for energy and process integration of batch processes. I: Calculation of energy targets

A time-dependent analysis, the Cascade analysis, is presented. Time-temperature cascade tables are developed which show how much heat can be recovered by direct heat exchange between streams, and how much heat can be transferred between different time intervals by heat storage systems. A three-dimensional cascade plot is introduced to aid visualisation of heat flows. The effects of using different types of heat storage are discussed briefly. Algorithms for generation of the cascades are also presented