Design and use of zonally-averaged climate models

Zonally-averaged climate models (ZACMs) provide a bridge from one-dimensional models such as energy-balance and radiative-convective models to three-dimensional general circulation models. Each type of model in this hierarchy involves particular simplifications, assumptions, and complexities in its development. As a consequence, each type of model presents particular advantages and disadvantages in the investigation of questions of importance toward a better understanding of climate. While representation of the influence of horizontal eddies on the meridional climatic structure presents special difficulties for a ZACM, the inclusion of latitudinal and altitudinal variations, and the absence of synoptically-generated climatic variability, permit the investigation of a range of climatic perturbations in which the forcing function is relatively small, latitudinally limited, or transient.

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