Psychische Störungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und FragestellungDie „Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland“ (DEGS1) und ihr Zusatzmodul „Psychische Gesundheit“ (DEGS1-MH) erlauben erstmals seit dem 15 Jahre zurückliegenden Bundesgesundheitssurvey (BGS98) aktuelle Abschätzungen zu Morbidität, Einschränkungsprofilen und Inanspruchnahmeverhalten der deutschen Erwachsenen. Es werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zu Prävalenzen psychischer Störungen, zu damit assoziierten Beeinträchtigungen sowie zu Kontaktraten mit Gesundheitsdiensten berichtet.MethodenDer Studie liegt eine bevölkerungsrepräsentative Erwachsenenstichprobe (18–79 Jahre, n = 5317) zugrunde, die überwiegend persönlich mit ausführlichen klinischen Interviews (Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI) untersucht wurde.ErgebnisseDie 12-Monats-Prävalenz psychischer Störungen beträgt insgesamt 27,7 %, wobei große Unterschiede in verschiedenen Gruppen (z. B. Geschlecht, Alter, sozialer Status) zu verzeichnen sind. Psychische Störungen stellten sich als besonders beeinträchtigend heraus (erhöhte Zahl an Einschränkungstagen). Weniger als die Hälfte der Betroffenen berichtet, aktuell wegen psychischer Probleme in Behandlung zu stehen (10–40 % in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl der Diagnosen).DiskussionPsychische Störungen sind häufig. Die im Vergleich zu Personen ohne aktuelle psychische Diagnose deutlich erhöhte Rate an Beeinträchtigungstagen signalisiert neben dem individuellen Leiden der Betroffenen eine große gesellschaftliche Krankheitslast – auch verglichen mit vielen körperlichen Erkrankungen. Trotz des in Deutschland vergleichsweise gut ausgebauten Versorgungssystems für psychische Störungen ist Optimierungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Behandlungsrate zu vermuten.SummaryBackground and objectivesThe German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1) with the mental health module (DEGS1-MH) is the successor to the last survey of mental disorders in the general German population 15 years ago (GHS-MHS). This paper reports the basic findings on the 12-month prevalence of mental disorders, associated disabilities and self-reported healthcare utilization.MethodsA representative national cohort (age range 18–79 years, n = 5,317) was selected and individuals were personally examined (87.5 % face to face and 12.5 % via telephone) by a comprehensive clinical interview using the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI) questionnaire.ResultsThe overall 12-month prevalence of mental disorders was 27.7 % with substantial differences between subgroups (e.g. sex, age, socioeconomic status). Mental disorders were found to be particularly impairing (elevated number of disability days). Less than 50 % of those affected reported to be in contact with health services due to mental health problems within the last 12 months (range 10–40 % depending on the number of diagnoses).ConclusionsMental disorders were found to be commonplace with a prevalence level comparable to that found in the 1998 predecessor study but several further adjustments will have to be made for a sound methodological comparison between the studies. Apart from individual distress, elevated self-reported disability indicated a high societal disease burden of mental disorders (also in comparison with many somatic diseases). Despite a relatively comprehensive and well developed mental healthcare system in Germany there are still optimisation needs for treatment rates.

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