Trust in Computers: The Computers-Are-Social-Actors (CASA) Paradigm and Trustworthiness Perception in Human-Computer Communication

Although computers, when first invented, emerged in the image of a massive, beast-like machine (Laurel, 1993) or a “giant calculator” (Turkle, 1995), they have evolved to reside in almost every corner of our daily lives. We no longer use computers only as a computing tool, but use them for a variety of purposes including, but not limited to, learning, shopping, entertainment, and social interaction. In these various venues of computer use, people not just rely on computers for connecting and communicating with others (i.e., computer-mediated communication: CMC), but, in many cases, communicate with computers (human-computer communication: HCC). Thanks to the advances in digital technologies and to the availability of higher bandwidths, the ways in which people communicate with computers and computer agents—pre-programmed digital ABsTRAcT

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