Large Quadrupolar Interactions in Rare-Earth Compounds
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Several series of rare-earth compounds have been found to undergo structural phase transitions. For most of them the cause has been the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect. Here we point out that for TmZn and TmCd these transitions are not due to the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect. Rather they are driven by quadrupolar pair interactions. In these systems the lattice follows the quadrupoles and distorts in such a way as to minimize the Jahn-Teller coupling energy.