Protein Tyrosine Kinases and Protein Kinase C Are Required for Gene Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 in Human Monocytes

A novel chemotatic cytokine, termed monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCPl ) , was recently identified by Yoshimura et al.' and is considered to play an important role in monocyte recruitment during atherogenesis, since it has been demonstrated to be expressed in various types of cells in atherosclerotic lesions.2 The isolated monocytes have been reported to express MCP-1 at the mRNA and protein levels by addition of cytokines including LPS, IL-I@, TNF-a, M-CSF, GM-CSF, and IFN--y, and even in the absence of such stimuli during the ~ u l t u r e . ~ The present study was designed to investigate the signal transduction pathways leading to the gene expression for MCP-1 in human monocytes.