Multi-channel Broadcast Algorithms in Duty-Cycling WBSNs

In this chapter, we formulate and study a broadcast problem arising in multi-channel duty-cycling wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) which the sink needs to broadcast control information to all sensor nodes on or implanted in the human body. Despite its fundamental importance for the network configuration and secure key management, the multi-channel broadcast problem is largely unaddressed in duty-cycling WBSNs. In this chapter, we devise novel two-dimensional scheduling specifying the rule of channel hopping and wake-up time slot selection, which achieves the order-minimal worst-case broadcast delay while guaranteeing the full broadcast diversity regardless of clock drifts and asymmetric duty cycles and channel perceptions. Specifically, we first employ the Chinese remainder theorem to design an effective multi-channel broadcast algorithm (MCB) and further propose improved MCB that enhances the granularity of MCB in matching actual duty cycles and number of channels, reducing the theoretically worst-case broadcast delay of MCB by up to 75%. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms through theoretical analysis and extensive simulations.