The anti-ageing effects of caloric restriction may involve stimulation of macroautophagy and lysosomal degradation, and can be intensified pharmacologically.

[1]  P. Seglen,et al.  Autophagy and other vacuolar protein degradation mechanisms , 1992, Experientia.

[2]  E. Bergamini,et al.  The age-related accumulation of dolichol in rat liver may correlate with expectation of life , 2004, Biogerontology.

[3]  E. Bergamini,et al.  Ageing-related changes in the in vivo function of rat liver macroautophagy and proteolysis , 2003, Experimental Gerontology.

[4]  M. Tatar,et al.  The Endocrine Regulation of Aging by Insulin-like Signals , 2003, Science.

[5]  Matthias Blüher,et al.  Extended Longevity in Mice Lacking the Insulin Receptor in Adipose Tissue , 2003, Science.

[6]  Martin Holzenberger,et al.  IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice , 2003, Nature.

[7]  Y. Higami,et al.  Lifespan extension by caloric restriction: An aspect of energy metabolism , 2002, Microscopy research and technique.

[8]  M. Portero-Otín,et al.  Oxidative, glycoxidative and lipoxidative damage to rat heart mitochondrial proteins is lower after 4 months of caloric restriction than in age-matched controls , 2002, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.

[9]  R. S. Sohal Role of oxidative stress and protein oxidation in the aging process. , 2002, Free radical biology & medicine.

[10]  C. Carter,et al.  A critical analysis of the role of growth hormone and IGF-1 in aging and lifespan. , 2002, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[11]  Y. Higami,et al.  Life span extension by reduction in growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in a transgenic rat model. , 2002, The American journal of pathology.

[12]  D. Lawler,et al.  Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. , 2002, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[13]  E. Bergamini,et al.  Low level dietary restriction retards age-related dolichol accumulation , 2002, Aging clinical and experimental research.

[14]  F. Dominici,et al.  Increased insulin sensitivity and upregulation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 in liver of Ames dwarf mice. , 2002, The Journal of endocrinology.

[15]  W. Parkhouse,et al.  Effects of aging on hepatic IGF-I signaling , 2002, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.

[16]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell , 2002, Eukaryotic Cell.

[17]  Z. Laron,et al.  Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 deficiency on ageing and longevity. , 2002, Novartis Foundation symposium.

[18]  E. Bergamini,et al.  Age-related changes in the autophagic proteolysis of rat isolated liver cells: effects of antiaging dietary restrictions. , 2001, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[19]  A. Bartke Mutations prolong life in flies; implications for aging in mammals , 2001, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.

[20]  E. Bergamini,et al.  Age-related changes in the regulation of autophagic proteolysis in rat isolated hepatocytes. , 2001, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[21]  C. Kenyon A Conserved Regulatory System for Aging , 2001, Cell.

[22]  M. Tatar,et al.  A Mutant Drosophila Insulin Receptor Homolog That Extends Life-Span and Impairs Neuroendocrine Function , 2001, Science.

[23]  E. Bergamini,et al.  The protection of rat liver autophagic proteolysis from the age-related decline co-varies with the duration of anti-ageing food restriction , 2001, Experimental Gerontology.

[24]  S. Emr,et al.  Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. , 2000, Science.

[25]  Ana Maria Cuervo,et al.  When lysosomes get old☆ , 2000, Experimental Gerontology.

[26]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Autophagy, cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway, and pexophagy in yeast and mammalian cells. , 2000, Annual review of biochemistry.

[27]  E. Bergamini,et al.  The age-related accumulation of protein carbonyl in rat liver correlates with the age-related decline in liver proteolytic activities. , 1999, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[28]  D. Ingram,et al.  Calorie Restriction in Primates: Will It Work and How Will We Know? , 1999, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[29]  E. Bergamini,et al.  A proposed mechanism of the antiaging action of diet restriction. , 1998, Aging.

[30]  E. Bergamini,et al.  Age-dependent accumulation of dolichol in rat liver: is tissue dolichol a biomarker of aging? , 1998, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[31]  G. Martin,et al.  The genetics of aging. , 2003, Annual review of genomics and human genetics.

[32]  Koutarou D. Kimura,et al.  daf-2, an insulin receptor-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans. , 1997, Science.

[33]  Andrzej Bartke,et al.  Dwarf mice and the ageing process , 1996, Nature.

[34]  R. Bligny,et al.  Ultrastructural and biochemical characterization of autophagy in higher plant cells subjected to carbon deprivation: control by the supply of mitochondria with respiratory substrates , 1996, The Journal of cell biology.

[35]  E. Bergamini,et al.  Towards an understanding of the anti-aging mechanism of dietary restriction: A signal transduction theory of aging , 1995 .

[36]  L. Liu,et al.  Expression of alpha-amylases, carbohydrate metabolism, and autophagy in cultured rice cells is coordinately regulated by sugar nutrient. , 1994, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[37]  P. Masiello,et al.  Endocrine and amino acid regulation of liver macroautophagy and proteolytic function. , 1994, The American journal of physiology.

[38]  C. Kenyon,et al.  A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type , 1993, Nature.

[39]  P. Masiello,et al.  A new method for the investigation of endocrine-regulated autophagy and protein degradation in rat liver. , 1993, Experimental and molecular pathology.

[40]  A. Bartke,et al.  Premature ageing in transgenic mice expressing different growth hormone genes. , 1993, Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement.

[41]  S. Cummings,et al.  Biology of Aging , 2006, Reihe der Villa Vigoni.

[42]  R. McCARTER,et al.  Energy metabolism and aging: a lifelong study of Fischer 344 rats. , 1992, The American journal of physiology.

[43]  P. Masiello,et al.  Effect of dietary restriction on the age-related changes in hormone-regulated protein breakdown , 1991, Aging.

[44]  P. Masiello,et al.  Exploring the mechanisms of in vivo regulation of liver protein breakdown in the rat by the use of the new antilipolytic-agent model. , 1991, Acta biologica Hungarica.

[45]  P. Anthony Robbins' Pathologic Basis of Disease , 1990 .

[46]  Y. Ihara,et al.  Anomalous accumulation of τ and ubiquitin immunoreactivities in rat brain caused by protease inhibition and by normal aging: a clue to PHF pathogenesis? , 1989, Brain Research.

[47]  B. Lardeux,et al.  Mechanism and regulation of protein degradation in liver. , 1989, Diabetes/metabolism reviews.

[48]  C M McCay,et al.  The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size. 1935. , 1935, Nutrition.

[49]  K. Kitani,et al.  Morphological, physiological and biochemical alterations in livers of rodents induced by protease inhibitors: a comparison with old livers. , 1989, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[50]  K. Kitani,et al.  Lipofuscin-like substances accumulate rapidly in brain, retina and internal organs with cysteine protease inhibition. , 1989, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[51]  Glenn E. Mortimore,et al.  Intracellular Protein Catabolism and its Control During Nutrient Deprivation and Supply , 1987 .

[52]  G. Mortimore,et al.  Intracellular protein catabolism and its control during nutrient deprivation and supply. , 1987, Annual review of nutrition.

[53]  P. Masiello,et al.  Effects of antilipolytic agents on rat liver peroxisomes and peroxisomal oxidative activities. , 1985, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[54]  G. Lynch,et al.  Inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes: accumulation of lipofuscin-like dense bodies in the brain. , 1984, Science.