Direct electrochemical non-enzymatic assay of glucose using functionalized graphene

A non-enzymatic amperometric sensor is developed based on the graphite electrode modified with functionalized graphene for the determination of β, d (+)-glucose. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques are used to study the behavior. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the surface topography of the working electrode before and after its modification. The sensor enabled the direct electrochemical oxidation of β, d (+)-glucose in alkaline medium and responded linearly to the analyte over the range from 0.5 × 10−3 to 7.5 × 10−3 M with a limit of detection of 10 μM. The sensor is found to exhibit a better sensitivity of 28.4 μA mM−1 cm−2, good stability, and shelf life. The sensitivity of the sensor to β, d (+)-glucose was not affected by the commonly co-existing interfering substances such as l-ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid, and acetaminophen.

[1]  L. C. Clark,et al.  ELECTRODE SYSTEMS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING IN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY , 1962 .

[2]  Dan Xiao,et al.  An improved sensitivity non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a CuO nanowire modified Cu electrode. , 2008, The Analyst.

[3]  Jing-Fang Huang.  Facile preparation of an ultrathin nickel film coated nanoporous gold electrode with the unique catalytic activity to oxidation of glucose. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[4]  L. Burke,et al.  Premonolayer oxidation and its role in electrocatalysis , 1994 .

[5]  C. H. Hamann,et al.  The electrooxidation of glucose in phosphate buffer solutions , 1979 .

[6]  A. Govindaraj,et al.  Graphene-based electrochemical supercapacitors , 2008 .

[7]  Chen Yang,et al.  Hydrogen bubble dynamic template synthesis of porous gold for nonenzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose , 2007 .

[8]  Hongkun He,et al.  Click chemistry approach to functionalize two-dimensional macromolecules of graphene oxide nanosheets , 2010 .

[9]  Fwu-Shan Sheu,et al.  Nonenzymatic glucose detection using multi-walled carbon nanotube electrodes , 2004 .

[10]  Ying Wang,et al.  Application of graphene-modified electrode for selective detection of dopamine , 2009 .

[11]  Q. Jiang,et al.  Enhancement of CO detection in Al doped graphene , 2008, 0806.3172.

[12]  Priscilla Kailian Ang,et al.  Solution-gated epitaxial graphene as pH sensor. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[13]  S. Kazarian,et al.  Detection of trace materials with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a multi-channel detector. , 2006, The Analyst.

[14]  M. Rajamathi,et al.  Electrocatalytic Oxidation of NADH on Functionalized Graphene Modified Graphite Electrode , 2011 .

[15]  Yong Jae Cho,et al.  Nonenzymatic amperometric glucose sensing of platinum, copper sulfide, and tin oxide nanoparticle-carbon nanotube hybrid nanostructures , 2009 .

[16]  Wei‐De Zhang,et al.  Preparation of carbon nanotubes supported platinum nanoparticles by an organic colloidal process for nonenzymatic glucose sensing , 2008 .

[17]  Sejin Park,et al.  Nonenzymatic glucose detection using mesoporous platinum. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[18]  Byong-Seok Choi,et al.  NMR analysis of enzyme-catalyzed and free-equilibrium mutarotation kinetics of monosaccharides. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[19]  Guo-Li Shen,et al.  In situ synthesis of palladium nanoparticle-graphene nanohybrids and their application in nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[20]  Xueliang Sun,et al.  Nitrogen doping effects on the structure of graphene , 2011 .

[21]  K. Müllen,et al.  Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. , 2008, Nano letters.

[22]  Huafeng Yang,et al.  Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on graphene. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[23]  Fwu-Shan Sheu,et al.  Selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of glucose in neutral solution using platinum-lead alloy nanoparticle/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[24]  Kang Wang,et al.  Highly Ordered Platinum‐Nanotubule Arrays for Amperometric Glucose Sensing , 2005 .

[25]  Derek Pletcher,et al.  Electrocatalysis: present and future , 1984 .

[26]  Segyeong Joo,et al.  Integration of a Nanoporous Platinum Thin Film into a Microfluidic System for Non-enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing , 2007, Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

[27]  Yasuaki Einaga,et al.  Design and fabrication of nickel microdisk-arrayed diamond electrodes for a non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on control of diffusion profiles. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[28]  Qionglin Liang,et al.  Carbon nanotube-intercalated graphite electrodes for simultaneous determination of dopamine and serotonin in the presence of ascorbic acid , 2003 .

[29]  Shi Qiaocui,et al.  An Electrochemical Biosensor with Cholesterol Oxidase/ Sol‐Gel Film on a Nanoplatinum/Carbon Nanotube Electrode , 2005 .

[30]  Jing-Fang Huang.  3‐D Nanoporous Pt Electrode Prepared by a 2‐D UPD Monolayer Process , 2008 .

[31]  Kaiming Liao,et al.  Porous cuprous oxide microcubes for non-enzymatic amperometric hydrogen peroxide and glucose sensing , 2009 .

[32]  E. Yeager,et al.  Electrochemical Oxidation of Glucose on Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Gold Surfaces in Phosphate Buffer , 1996 .

[33]  Jose Savio Melo,et al.  Functionalized-graphene modified graphite electrode for the selective determination of dopamine in presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid. , 2011, Bioelectrochemistry.

[34]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Graphene-based ultracapacitors. , 2008, Nano letters.