Development of Eco-friendly Soy Protein Isolate Films with High Mechanical Properties through HNTs, PVA, and PTGE Synergism Effect

This study was to develop novel soy protein isolate-based films for packaging using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and 1,2,3-propanetriol-diglycidyl-ether (PTGE). The structural, crystallinity, opacity, micromorphology, and thermal stability of the resultant SPI/HNTs/PVA/PTGE film were analyzed by the Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The SPI/HNTs/PVA/PTGE film illustrated that HNTs were uniformly dispersed in the SPI matrix and the thermal stability of the film was enhanced. Furthermore, the tensile strength (TS) of the SPI/HNTs/PVA/PTGE film was increased by 329.3% and the elongation at the break (EB) remained unchanged. The water absorption (WA) and the moisture content (MC) were decreased by 5.1% and 10.4%, respectively, compared to the unmodified film. The results highlighted the synergistic effects of SPI, HNTs, PVA, and PTGE on the mechanical properties, water resistance, and thermal stability of SPI films, which showed excellent strength and flexibility. In short, SPI films prepared from HNTs, PVA, and PTGE showed considerable potential as packaging materials.

[1]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Preparation of cross-linked soy protein isolate-based environmentally-friendly films enhanced by PTGE and PAM , 2015 .

[2]  M. Lavorgna,et al.  Synergistic Effect of Halloysite and Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Functional Properties of PVA Based Nanocomposites , 2016 .

[3]  Wei Sun,et al.  Preparation of nano-CuO-loaded halloysite nanotubes with high catalytic activity for selective oxidation of cyclohexene , 2016 .

[4]  Jianzhang Li,et al.  Endogenous Cu and Zn nanocluster-regulated soy protein isolate films: excellent hydrophobicity and flexibility , 2015 .

[5]  Huafeng Tian,et al.  Effects of cellulose nanofibrils on the structure and properties on PVA nanocomposites , 2013, Cellulose.

[6]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Physico-chemical properties improvement of soy protein isolate films through caffeic acid incorporation and tri-functional aziridine hybridization , 2016 .

[7]  S. Shi,et al.  Soy protein isolate-based films cross-linked by epoxidized soybean oil , 2015 .

[8]  S. Manickam,et al.  Development of silane grafted halloysite nanotube reinforced polylactide nanocomposites for the enhancement of mechanical, thermal and dynamic-mechanical properties , 2017 .

[9]  B. Guo,et al.  Poly(vinyl alcohol)/halloysite nanotubes bionanocomposite films: Properties and in vitro osteoblasts and fibroblasts response. , 2009, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[10]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) and 1,2,3‐propanetriol diglycidyl ether incorporated soy protein isolate‐based films , 2015 .

[11]  A. Koocheki,et al.  Physical, barrier and antioxidant properties of a novel plasticized edible film from quince seed mucilage. , 2013, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[12]  Mingxian Liu,et al.  Recent advance in research on halloysite nanotubes-polymer nanocomposite , 2014 .

[13]  Yanjun Tang,et al.  Novel polyvinyl alcohol/styrene butadiene rubber latex/carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites reinforced with modified halloysite nanotubes , 2013 .

[14]  N. Karak,et al.  Biodegradable tough waterborne hyperbranched polyester/carbon dot nanocomposite: approach towards an eco-friendly material , 2016 .

[15]  G. Cavallaro,et al.  Sustainable nanocomposites based on halloysite nanotubes and pectin/polyethylene glycol blend , 2013 .

[16]  Agustín González,et al.  Soy protein – Poly (lactic acid) bilayer films as biodegradable material for active food packaging , 2013 .

[17]  Phosphorus intercalation of halloysite nanotubes for enhanced fire properties of polyamide 6 , 2012 .

[18]  Yu Dong,et al.  Multi-response analysis in the material characterisation of electrospun poly (lactic acid)/halloysite nanotube composite fibres based on Taguchi design of experiments: fibre diameter, non-intercalation and nucleation effects , 2013 .

[19]  A. Ismail,et al.  Mixed matrix membrane incorporated with large pore size halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as filler for gas separation: experimental. , 2011, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[20]  Binghong Luo,et al.  Nano-composite of poly(L-lactide) and halloysite nanotubes surface-grafted with L-lactide oligomer under microwave irradiation. , 2013, Journal of biomedical nanotechnology.

[21]  T. Hsieh,et al.  Mechanical properties and tensile fatigue of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced polymer nanocomposites , 2013 .

[22]  Tianxi Liu,et al.  Simultaneous reinforcement and toughening of polyurethane composites with carbon nanotube/halloysite nanotube hybrids , 2014 .

[23]  G. Soares,et al.  The effects of silane coupling agents on the properties of PHBV/halloysite nanocomposites , 2014 .

[24]  H. Abbaspour,et al.  Effects of κ-carrageenan on rheological properties of dually modified sago starch: Towards finding gelatin alternative for hard capsules. , 2015, Carbohydrate polymers.

[25]  Jianbin Zheng,et al.  Non-enzymatic sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with Ag nanoparticles/polyaniline/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites for hydrogen peroxide sensing , 2016 .

[26]  Mingxian Liu,et al.  Novel polymer nanocomposite hydrogel with natural clay nanotubes , 2012, Colloid and Polymer Science.

[27]  Shaona Wang,et al.  Preparation and characterization of TIO2/SPI composite film , 2012 .

[28]  L. Ye,et al.  High impact strength epoxy nanocomposites with natural nanotubes , 2007 .

[29]  A. Ismail,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of novel thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes with improved organic fouling properties for water desalination , 2015 .

[30]  Hongzan Song,et al.  Liquid crystalline phase behavior and fiber spinning of cellulose/ionic liquid/halloysite nanotubes dispersions , 2014 .

[31]  Soottawat Benjakul,et al.  Influences of degree of hydrolysis and molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on properties of fish myofibrillar protein/PVA blend films , 2012 .

[32]  H. Ismail,et al.  Tensile, Swelling, and Oxidative Degradation Properties of Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan/Halloysite Nanotube Composites , 2013 .

[33]  Liqun Zhang,et al.  Halloysite Clay Nanotubes for Loading and Sustained Release of Functional Compounds , 2016, Advanced materials.

[34]  Binghong Luo,et al.  Surface modification of halloysite nanotubes with l‐lactic acid: An effective route to high‐performance poly(l‐lactide) composites , 2015 .

[35]  Aiqin Wang,et al.  Spray-dried magnetic chitosan/Fe3O4/halloysite nanotubes/ofloxacin microspheres for sustained release of ofloxacin , 2013 .

[36]  H. Ismail,et al.  Effects of halloysite nanotubes and kaolin loading on the tensile, swelling, and oxidative degradation properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blends , 2013 .

[37]  Junyou Shi,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of All-Biomass Soy Protein Isolate-Based Films Enhanced by Epoxy Castor Oil Acid Sodium and Hydroxypropyl Cellulose , 2016, Materials.

[38]  Xiaohong Zhu,et al.  Functionalization of halloysite nanotubes by enlargement and hydrophobicity for sustained release of analgesic , 2015 .

[39]  Jianzhang Li,et al.  Carbon nanoparticles/soy protein isolate bio-films with excellent mechanical and water barrier properties , 2016 .

[40]  Yu Dong,et al.  Development and characterisation of novel electrospun polylactic acid/tubular clay nanocomposites , 2011 .

[41]  Wei Zhang,et al.  High-Performance and Fully Renewable Soy Protein Isolate-Based Film from Microcrystalline Cellulose via Bio-Inspired Poly(dopamine) Surface Modification , 2016 .

[42]  G. Cavallaro,et al.  Dispersions of nanoclays of different shapes into aqueous and solid biopolymeric matrices. Extended physicochemical study. , 2011, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[43]  S. Shi,et al.  Soy protein isolate-based films reinforced by surface modified cellulose nanocrystal , 2016 .

[44]  Ahmad Fauzi Ismail,et al.  Fabrication of polydopamine functionalized halloysite nanotube/polyetherimide membranes for heavy metal removal , 2016 .

[45]  D. Rawtani,et al.  MULTIFARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES: A REVIEW , 2012 .

[46]  K. Song,et al.  Physical properties and application of a red pepper seed meal protein composite film containing oregano oil , 2016 .

[47]  Mingxian Liu,et al.  Nanocomposites of halloysite and polylactide , 2013 .

[48]  G. Cavallaro,et al.  Films of Halloysite Nanotubes Sandwiched between Two Layers of Biopolymer: From the Morphology to the Dielectric, Thermal, Transparency, and Wettability Properties , 2011 .

[49]  Rekha Rose Koshy,et al.  Environment friendly green composites based on soy protein isolate – A review , 2015 .

[50]  G. Cavallaro,et al.  Orientation of charged clay nanotubes in evaporating droplet meniscus. , 2015, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[51]  Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi,et al.  Preparation and characterization of novel bionanocomposite based on soluble soybean polysaccharide and halloysite nanoclay. , 2015, Carbohydrate polymers.

[52]  A. Ismail,et al.  Super hydrophilic TiO2/HNT nanocomposites as a new approach for fabrication of high performance thin film nanocomposite membranes for FO application , 2015 .

[53]  Q. Gao,et al.  Mechanical and thermal properties of microcrystalline cellulose-reinforced soy protein isolate–gelatin eco-friendly films , 2015 .

[54]  K. Goh,et al.  Influence of the processing methods on the properties of poly(lactic acid)/halloysite nanocomposites , 2016 .

[55]  S. Ferrari,et al.  Author contributions , 2021 .