The siderite model of the formation of corrosion-resistant scales

This paper describes a model of the development and maintenance of corrosion-resistant layers of iron and calcium precipitates on iron and steel water distribution pipes; data are presented in support of this model. It is common to explain the effectiveness of protective scales on distribution pipes solely in terms of CaC03 precipitation, but new evidence suggests that for waters with pH <8.5, FeC03 precipitate (siderite) plays an important role as an intermediate species in the formation of such scales. Data are not available for waters

[1]  Thurston Eric Larson,et al.  Corrosion and Tuberculation of Cast Iron , 1957 .

[2]  Robert F. McCauley,et al.  Carbonate Deposits for Pipe Protection , 1958 .

[3]  D. Caldwell,et al.  Water Softening and Conditioning Problems , 1953 .

[4]  J. Yahalom,et al.  Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Natural Scale Layers , 1978 .

[5]  Robert L. Sanks,et al.  Corrosion Control by Deposition off CaCO3 Films: Part 3, A Practical Approach for Plant Operators , 2016 .

[6]  James R. Millette,et al.  Aggressive Water: Assessing the Extent of the Problem , 1980 .

[7]  Thurston E. Larson.  Chemical Control of Corrosion , 1966 .

[8]  Werner Stumm,et al.  Calcium carbonate deposition at iron surfaces , 1956 .

[9]  W. F. Langelier.  The Analytical Control of Anti‐Corrosion Water Treatment , 1936, Journal - American Water Works Association.

[10]  John R. Baylis,et al.  Prevention of Corrosion and “Red Water” , 1926 .

[11]  T. E. Larson,et al.  Corrosion by Domestic Waters , 1975 .

[12]  L. Gal-or,et al.  Scale Protection Criteria in Natural Waters , 1978 .

[13]  Charles N. Durfor,et al.  Selected Data on Public Supplies of the 100 Largest Cities in the United States, 1962 , 1964 .

[14]  H. E. Hudson,et al.  Health and Economic Aspects of Water Hardness and Corrosiveness , 1976 .

[15]  Larry L. Olson,et al.  FeCO3 vs Fe(OH)3 Precipitation in Water‐Treatment Plants , 1975 .

[16]  Thurston Eric Larson,et al.  Corrosion by Water at Low Flow Velocity , 1954 .