Negative refraction in a photonic crystal with a metallic cross lattice basis

A metamaterial with a negative effective index of refraction is made from a two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal with a metallic cross lattice basis. A simple procedure is given to design a negative index band within a desired frequency range. The operating frequency is made sufficiently low so as to avoid high orders of diffraction from a slab. An effective index of ˛1, which is a requirement for perfect lensing, is designed. In addition, the structure is optimized to exhibit the largest possible bandwidth of negative refraction, while ensuring an isotropic response and efficient coupling from free space. Simulation results show negative refraction of a Gaussian beam through a prism of such a metamaterial. The simplicity and versatility of the structure make it a suitable candidate for frequencies into the infrared region. The dispersive nature of the metallic crosses and planar fabrication are also discussed.

[1]  Willie J Padilla,et al.  Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity , 2000, Physical review letters.

[2]  Min Qiu,et al.  Wave propagation through a photonic crystal in a negative phase refractive-index region , 2003 .

[3]  Zhiyuan Li,et al.  Evaluation of lensing in photonic crystal slabs exhibiting negative refraction , 2003 .

[4]  G. Eleftheriades,et al.  Planar negative refractive index media using periodically L-C loaded transmission lines , 2002 .

[5]  Alexei A. Maradudin,et al.  Photonic band structures of one- and two-dimensional periodic systems with metallic components in the presence of dissipation , 1997 .

[6]  C. Soukoulis,et al.  Negative refraction and left-handed behavior in two-dimensional photonic crystals , 2003 .

[7]  Tapan K. Sarkar,et al.  Matrix pencil method for estimating parameters of exponentially damped/undamped sinusoids in noise , 1990, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[8]  Robertson,et al.  Measurement of photonic band structure in a two-dimensional periodic dielectric array. , 1992, Physical review letters.

[9]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Theory of light propagation in strongly modulated photonic crystals: Refractionlike behavior in the vicinity of the photonic band gap , 2000 .

[10]  C. Soukoulis,et al.  Refraction in media with a negative refractive index. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[11]  Zhen Ye,et al.  Negative-refraction-like behavior revealed by arrays of dielectric cylinders. , 2004, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[12]  W. T. Lu,et al.  Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[13]  J. Pendry,et al.  Negative refraction makes a perfect lens , 2000, Physical review letters.

[14]  Sakoda.  Symmetry, degeneracy, and uncoupled modes in two-dimensional photonic lattices. , 1995, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[15]  Raviraj S. Adve,et al.  Extrapolation of time-domain responses from three-dimensional conducting objects utilizing the matrix pencil technique , 1997 .

[16]  C. Soukoulis,et al.  Subwavelength resolution in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal-based superlens. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[17]  K. Kunz,et al.  A frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain formulation for transient propagation in plasma , 1991 .

[18]  T. Sarkar,et al.  Using the matrix pencil method to estimate the parameters of a sum of complex exponentials , 1995 .

[19]  Gérard Tayeb,et al.  Self-guiding in two-dimensional photonic crystals. , 2003, Optics express.

[20]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index , 2002 .

[21]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Computational Electrodynamics the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 1995 .

[22]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Negative Refraction without Negative Index in Metallic Photonic Crystals References and Links , 2022 .