Mapping the evolution of hierarchical and regional tendencies in the world city network, 2000-2010

This paper visualizes the evolution of the dominant hierarchical and regional patterns in the world city network, drawing upon an analytical framework integrating categorical correlation, hierarchical clustering, and alluvial diagrams. Our analysis confirms the continued interweaving of hierarchical and regional patterns in the world city network as measured by cities’ similarities in the presence of globalized service firms, but equally highlights some of the key changes that have occurred between 2000 and 2010 such as the rise of the BRIC cities, Dubai’s leading positions in the Arab Gulf, and the stratification of US cities.

[1]  Carl T. Bergstrom,et al.  Mapping Change in Large Networks , 2008, PloS one.

[2]  Dominic Wilson,et al.  Dreaming With BRICs: The Path to 2050 , 2006 .

[3]  Alasdair Rae,et al.  From spatial interaction data to spatial interaction information? Geovisualisation and spatial structures of migration from the 2001 UK census , 2009, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst..

[4]  P. Hall,et al.  The Future of Cities , 1996 .

[5]  Ben Derudder,et al.  An Alternative Approach to the Calculation and Analysis of Connectivity in the World City Network , 2012, ArXiv.

[6]  Karen P. Y. Lai.  Differentiated Markets: Shanghai, Beijing and Hong Kong in China’s Financial Centre Network , 2012 .

[7]  Zachary P. Neal,et al.  Structural Determinism in the Interlocking World City Network , 2012 .

[8]  Zachary P. Neal,et al.  From Central Places to Network Bases: A Transition in the U.S. Urban Hierarchy, 1900–2000 , 2011 .

[9]  B. Derudder,et al.  World City Networks and Global Commodity Chains: towards a world‐systems' integration , 2007 .

[10]  Ben Derudder,et al.  Two‐Mode Networks and the Interlocking World City Network Model: A Reply to Neal , 2012 .

[11]  Vladimir Batagelj,et al.  Generalized blockmodeling of two-mode network data , 2004, Soc. Networks.

[12]  K. Meyer,et al.  Research Note: The slow growth of foreign direct investment in the Soviet Union successor states , 1999 .

[13]  J. Gower,et al.  Metric and Euclidean properties of dissimilarity coefficients , 1986 .

[14]  Sune Lehmann,et al.  Link communities reveal multiscale complexity in networks , 2009, Nature.

[15]  A. Alderson,et al.  Intercity Relations and Globalisation: The Evolution of the Global Urban Hierarchy, 1981—2007 , 2010 .

[16]  Sungsoon Hwang,et al.  Delineating Urban Housing Submarkets with Fuzzy Clustering , 2009 .

[17]  I. Brade,et al.  Moscow, the global city? The position of the Russian capital within the European system of metropolitan areas , 2004 .

[18]  S. Angel.  Planet of Cities , 2012 .

[19]  B. Derudder,et al.  Hierarchical Tendencies and Regional Patterns in the World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis of 234 Cities , 2003 .

[20]  David Fasenfest,et al.  New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: America's Global Cities , 1999 .

[21]  Zachary P. Neal,et al.  The duality of world cities and firms: comparing networks, hierarchies, and inequalities in the global economy , 2007 .

[22]  Zhi Liu,et al.  Use of satellite-derived landscape imperviousness index to characterize urban spatial growth , 2005, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst..

[23]  S. Borgatti,et al.  The centrality of groups and classes , 1999 .

[24]  Michael Batty,et al.  Environment and Planning B , 1982 .

[25]  Henry Wai-chung Yeung,et al.  Economic geography : a contemporary introduction , 2007 .

[26]  B. Derudder,et al.  World City Network: A global urban analysis , 2003 .

[27]  Ben Derudder,et al.  The cliquishness of world cities , 2005 .

[28]  Peter J. Taylor,et al.  Specification of the World City Network , 2010 .

[29]  R. Wall,et al.  Sectoral Differentiation and Network Structure Within Contemporary Worldwide Corporate Networks , 2011 .

[30]  Michele Acuto,et al.  High-rise Dubai urban entrepreneurialism and the technology of symbolic power , 2010 .

[31]  U. Fratesi.  A globalization-based taxonomy of European regions , 2012 .

[32]  Stefan Hennemann.  Information-rich visualisation of dense geographical networks , 2013 .

[33]  Yu Zhou,et al.  RANKING WORLD CITIES: MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND THE GLOBAL URBAN HIERARCHY , 1999 .

[34]  Zachary P. Neal,et al.  Brute Force and Sorting Processes: Two Perspectives on World City Network Formation , 2013 .

[35]  M. Castells.  The rise of the network society , 1996 .

[36]  César Ducruet,et al.  Cities in Worldwide Air and Sea Flows: A multiple networks analysis , 2011 .

[37]  A. Alderson,et al.  Power and Position in the World City System1 , 2004, American Journal of Sociology.

[38]  Ben Derudder,et al.  New regional geographies of the world as practised by leading advanced producer service firms in 2010 , 2013 .

[39]  Jonathan V. Beaverstock,et al.  World-City Network: A New Metageography? , 2000, The Urban Geography Reader.

[40]  B. Derudder,et al.  Determinants of Dynamics in the World City Network, 2000-2004 , 2010 .

[41]  Frank Witlox,et al.  Pathways of Change: Shifting Connectivities in the World City Network, 2000—08 , 2010 .

[42]  David A. Smith,et al.  Economic Globalisation and the Structure of the World City System: The Case of Airline Passenger Data , 2010 .

[43]  P. Dicken,et al.  ‘Globalizing’ regional development: a global production networks perspective , 2004 .

[44]  Frank Witlox,et al.  Searching for the Mecca of finance: Islamic financial services and the world city network , 2010 .

[45]  Bin Zhang,et al.  Defining clusters from a hierarchical cluster tree: the Dynamic Tree Cut package for R , 2008, Bioinform..