Incipient Broken Rotor Bar Detection in Induction Motors Using Vibration Signals and the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Algorithm

A methodology for automatic incipient broken rotor bar detection in induction motors (IMs) is presented. Sparse representations of signals are applied as a diagnosis technique. The novelty of this technique is that it can analyze the frequency spectra from vibration signals even when the differences among signals are small. This representation allows decomposing or reconstructing signals through a trained dictionary that has learned the features of one specific group/class. The main feature of this paper is the use of overcomplete dictionaries trained from sets of signals with faults to be detected. In this way, trained dictionaries perform the decomposition of signals using the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. The decomposition is evaluated and classified by error-based criteria and a majority decision classifier, allowing the detection of early damage, ranging from 1 mm to one broken bar. The detection is performed by the decomposition of vibration signals from three axes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of IMs under three load conditions (unloaded, half loaded, and three-fourths loaded) and different levels of damage (healthy or 0 mm, 1–9 mm, and one broken bar). These signals are processed by the Fourier transform and the spectrum obtained is evaluated by the OMP algorithm. Finally, the retrieved information is evaluated and the diagnosis is given. All algorithms are developed in MATLAB software and the detection accuracy is higher than 90% for damages as small as 1 mm.