In Vitro Breast Cancer Models as Useful Tools in Therapeutics

The increased use of animals in fundamental and applied research due to the remarkable drug development in the 20th century has been an important matter of concern for people at large, but also for the scientific community. This led Russel and Burch to examine the decisions which could meliorate this situation, and they proposed, in 1959, the principle of the 3Rs (Reduce, Refine, and Replace) nowadays largely admitted as an ethical and incontrovertible principle (Russell & Bursch 1959). Alternatives to animal experiments (Scheme 1) then knew a fantastic boom with the permanent objective of a high scientific quality in order to prevent, treat and cure human illness. Reaching the equilibrium between in vitro and in vivo models, observing the 3Rs rules, is very difficult. Effectively, in vitro systems allow an excellent control of all parameters of the experiments, and then, good quantifications. More the models are simple, more they are easy to handle, but more they also are dedifferentiated and keep away from the in vivo situation.

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