Pivotal role of tissue-resident memory lymphocytes in the control of mucosal infections: can mucosal vaccination induce protective tissue-resident memory T and B cells?

Successful vaccine strategies to induce mucosal tissue-resident memory responses will be based on a better knowledge of the establishment and maintenance of protective Trm and Brm in mucosal tissues. In addition, understanding their potential movements to speci fi c mucosal tissues and/or the movements of their precursors, as well as microenvironments needed to lead to functional Trm and Brm will be crucial. Interactions between Trm and Brm responses and host parameters such as sex, age or microbiota should be assessed. The sum of this knowledge will be essential to optimize vaccine formulations. The fi gure was created with BioRender.com.

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