무방류 제지기술 ( Zero Liquid Effluent Technologies for the Paper Industry )

Established methods for minimising liquid effluent volumes are discussed as an introduction to a review of the current and proposed means by which paper-mills may operate with zero liquid effluent, ZLE, emissions. For certain grades of paper, such as corrugating medium and linerboard, it is now practical to operate with zero liquid effluent. To do so, mills must pay strict attention to all aspects of water use and to wetend chemistry. For other grades of paper, the numerous water-conservation techniques that are currently available need further development before ZLE systems can be used economically. It is proposed that a series of modular treatment plants be developed specifically for the paper industry. These plants would use processes such as reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and biological oxidation to allow off the shelf solutions to individual mill requirements for a zero liquid effluent system. A methodology is under development for selecting the most cost-effective means of reaching zero liquid effluent.