The effects of electric current applied to skin: A review for transdermal drug delivery

[1]  James C. Weaver,et al.  Electroporation of human skin: simultaneous measurement of changes in the transport of two fluorescent molecules and in the passive electrical properties , 1996 .

[2]  J. Weaver,et al.  Transdermal transport efficiency during skin electroporation and iontophoresis , 1996 .

[3]  J. Weaver,et al.  Imaging of fluorescent molecule and small ion transport through human stratum corneum during high voltage pulsing: localized transport regions are involved. , 1996, Biophysical chemistry.

[4]  J. Weaver,et al.  Transport of a charged molecule across the human epidermis due to electroporation , 1996 .

[5]  J. Weaver,et al.  Changes in the passive electrical properties of human stratum corneum due to electroporation. , 1995, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[6]  M. Goosen,et al.  Transdermal delivery of peptide and protein drugs: An overview , 1995 .

[7]  Howard I. Maibach,et al.  Evaluation of the Barrier Function of Skin Using Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL): A Critical Overview , 2014 .

[8]  J. Weaver,et al.  Analysis of enhanced transdermal transport by skin electroporation , 1995 .

[9]  J. Weaver,et al.  Mechanism of electroinduced ionic species transport through a multilamellar lipid system. , 1995, Biophysical journal.

[10]  L. Mir,et al.  Electropermeabilization of cells in tissues assessed by the qualitative and quantitative electroloading of bleomycin. , 1994, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[11]  G. A. Hofmann,et al.  Electrochemotherapy--a novel method of cancer treatment. , 1994, Cancer treatment reviews.

[12]  V. Bose.  Electrical characterization of electroporation of human stratum corneum , 1994 .

[13]  S. Dinh,et al.  Upper and lower limits of human skin electrical resistance in lontophoresis , 1993 .

[14]  J. Weaver,et al.  Electroporation of mammalian skin: a mechanism to enhance transdermal drug delivery. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  Russell O. Potts,et al.  Effect of current, ionic strength and temperature on the electrical properties of skin , 1993 .

[16]  K. Sato,et al.  Generation and transit pathway of H+ is critical for inhibition of palmar sweating by iontophoresis in water. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[17]  L. Mir,et al.  Cell electropermeabilization: a new tool for biochemical and pharmacological studies. , 1993, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[18]  J. Weaver,et al.  Electroporation: A general phenomenon for manipulating cells and tissues , 1993, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[19]  J. Weaver,et al.  Methods for in Vivo Tissue Electroporation Using Surface Electrodes , 1993 .

[20]  C. Cullander.  What are the pathways of iontophoretic current flow through mammalian skin , 1992 .

[21]  Gerald B. Kasting,et al.  Theoretical models for iontophoretic delivery , 1992 .

[22]  Michael J. Pikal,et al.  The role of electroosmotic flow in transdermal iontophoresis , 1992 .

[23]  M. Roberts,et al.  Structure-transport relationships in transdermal iontophoresis , 1992 .

[24]  J. Gyory,et al.  Transdermal ion migration , 1992 .

[25]  P. Ledger.  Skin biological issues in electrically enhanced transdermal delivery , 1992 .

[26]  J. Riviere,et al.  Model systems in iontophoresis--transport efficacy. , 1992, Acta pharmaceutica Nordica.

[27]  R. Guy,et al.  In vitro and in vivo iontophoresis of a tripeptide across nude rat skin , 1992 .

[28]  J. C. Keister,et al.  A kinetic model for ion transport across skin , 1992 .

[29]  H. White,et al.  Direct imaging of ionic pathways in stratum corneum using scanning electrochemical microscopy , 1992 .

[30]  R. Guy,et al.  Routes of ionic permeability through mammalian skin , 1992 .

[31]  R. Guy,et al.  (D) Routes of delivery: Case studies , 1992 .

[32]  Ayse G. Canseven,et al.  Electrical Properties of The Skin , 1992 .

[33]  G. Clark,et al.  Safety studies with the University of Melbourne multichannel electrotactile speech processor. , 1992, Journal of rehabilitation research and development.

[34]  D. Chang,et al.  Guide to Electroporation and Electrofusion , 1991 .

[35]  T. Tsong,et al.  Electroporation of cell membranes. , 1991, Biophysical journal.

[36]  R. Guy,et al.  Sites of iontophoretic current flow into the skin: identification and characterization with the vibrating probe electrode. , 1991, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[37]  J. Patrick Reilly,et al.  Electrical Stimulation and Electropathology , 1991 .

[38]  B. Vermeer.  Skin irritation and sensitization , 1991 .

[39]  W. Good,et al.  Skin compatibility of transdermal drug delivery systems , 1991 .

[40]  W. Higuchi,et al.  Skin alteration and convective solvent flow effects during iontophoresis: I. Neutral solute transport across human skin , 1991 .

[41]  R. Padmanabhan,et al.  Electronic Control of Iontophoretic Drug Delivery , 1991, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[42]  W.J. Tompkins,et al.  Electrotactile and vibrotactile displays for sensory substitution systems , 1991, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[43]  Y. Chien,et al.  A numerical approach to study the effect of binding on the iontophoretic transport of a series of amino acids. , 1990, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[44]  Electroporation of the photosynthetic membrane: A study by intrinsic and external optical probes. , 1990, Biophysical journal.

[45]  W. Kreis,et al.  Transdermal versus subcutaneous leuprolide: A comparison of acute pharmacodynamic effect , 1990, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[46]  W. Shi,et al.  Facilitated transdermal delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins by iontophoretic delivery devices , 1990 .

[47]  R. Herrnstein.  Behavior, Reinforcement and Utility , 1990 .

[48]  N. Monteiro-Riviere.  Altered epidermal morphology secondary to lidocaine iontophoresis: in vivo and in vitro studies in porcine skin. , 1990, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[49]  T. Koizumi,et al.  Transfer of diclofenac sodium across excised guinea pig skin on high-frequency pulse iontophoresis. I. Equivalent circuit model. , 1990, Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[50]  T. Koizumi,et al.  Transfer of diclofenac sodium across excised guinea pig skin on high-frequency pulse iontophoresis. II. Factors affecting steady-state transport rate. , 1990, Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[51]  J. Celis,et al.  Electropermeabilization of human cultured cells grown in monolayers: Incorporation of monoclonal antibodies , 1990 .

[52]  L. Kanerva,et al.  Electron microscopy of the effects of dithranol on healthy and on psoriatic skin. , 1990, The American Journal of dermatopathology.

[53]  G. Weiss.  Sur la possibilite de rendre comparables entre eux les appareils servant a l'excitation electrique. , 1990 .

[54]  R. Burnette,et al.  A comparison of pulsed and continuous current iontophoresis , 1990 .

[55]  J. Denuzzio,et al.  Electrochemical and iontophoretic studies of human skin , 1990 .

[56]  J. Weaver,et al.  Tissue electroporation. Observation of reversible electrical breakdown in viable frog skin. , 1989, Biophysical journal.

[57]  W. Higuchi,et al.  Baseline studies with the four-electrode system: the effect of skin permeability increase and water transport on the flux of a model uncharged solute during iontophoresis , 1989 .

[58]  J M Weisenberger,et al.  Evaluation of two multichannel tactile aids for the hearing impaired. , 1989, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[59]  J. Johnson,et al.  Selective abolition of adrenergic vasoconstrictor responses in skin by local iontophoresis of bretylium. , 1989, The American journal of physiology.

[60]  H. Maibach,et al.  Percutaneous Absorption: Mechanisms-Methodology-Drug Delivery , 1989 .

[61]  R. Royster,et al.  Noninvasive Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing , 1989, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[62]  A. Ghanem,et al.  Transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery: mechanistic analysis and application to polypeptide delivery. , 1989, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[63]  R. Dixon,et al.  Iontophoretic delivery of nonpeptide drugs: formulation optimization for maximum skin permeability. , 1989, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[64]  A. Banga,et al.  Iontophoretic (transdermal) delivery of drugs: overview of historical development. , 1989, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[65]  W. Shi,et al.  Direct current iontophoretic transdermal delivery of peptide and protein drugs. , 1989, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[66]  M. Roberts,et al.  Transdermal delivery of drugs by iontophoresis: a review. , 1989, Drug design and delivery.

[67]  R. Guy,et al.  Transdermal drug delivery : developmental issues and research initiatives , 1989 .

[68]  E. Neumann,et al.  Electroporation and Electrofusion in Cell Biology , 1989, Springer US.

[69]  Y. B. Cho,et al.  Short-term effects of iontophoresis on the structure of the guinea pig tympanic membrane. , 1988, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[70]  A. Kovac.  Injection aid for "tubex" type syringe. , 1988, Anesthesiology.

[71]  J. Rosell,et al.  Skin impedance from 1 Hz to 1 MHz , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[72]  L. John,et al.  Blood glucose control in diabetic rats by transdermal iontophoretic delivery of insulin , 1988 .

[73]  R. Burnette,et al.  Influence of constant current iontophoresis on the impedance and passive Na+ permeability of excised nude mouse skin. , 1988, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[74]  Yie W. Chien,et al.  Iontophoretic delivery of drugs: Fundamentals, developments and biomedical applications , 1988 .

[75]  R. Westerman,et al.  Transcutaneous electrical stimulation and the sensation of prickle. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[76]  J. Webster.  Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation , 1988 .

[77]  F. Rattay,et al.  Modeling the excitation of fibers under surface electrodes , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[78]  B. Ongpipattanakul,et al.  Characterization of the pore transport properties and tissue alteration of excised human skin during iontophoresis. , 1988, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[79]  P. Tyle.  Drug delivery devices : fundamentals and applications , 1988 .

[80]  R. Daynes,et al.  Skin immunology: The Achilles heel to transdermal drug delivery☆ , 1987 .

[81]  W. Shi,et al.  Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides/Proteins I: Insulin , 1987, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[82]  A. Zlotogorski,et al.  Iontophoresis in dermatology. , 1987, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[83]  P J Blamey,et al.  Psychophysical studies relevant to the design of a digital electrotactile speech processor. , 1987, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[84]  M. Bleecker,et al.  Constant current sine wave transcutaneous nerve stimulation for the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. , 1987, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[85]  R. Caldwell,et al.  Noninvasive delivery of a novel inotropic catecholamine: iontophoretic versus intravenous infusion in dogs. , 1987, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[86]  D. Northridge,et al.  SKIN REACTIONS TO LONG-TERM TRANSDERMAL CLONIDINE , 1987, The Lancet.

[87]  T Yamamoto,et al.  Measurement of electrical bio-impedance and its applications. , 1987, Medical progress through technology.

[88]  E. Hölzle,et al.  Long-term efficacy and side effects of tap water iontophoresis of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis--the usefulness of home therapy. , 1987, Dermatologica.

[89]  W. Kozak,et al.  Electrically evoked skin vasodilatation: a quantitative test of nociceptor function in man. , 1987, Clinical and experimental neurology.

[90]  K. Soltani,et al.  Iontophoresis in dermatology. A review. , 1986, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[91]  M. Lieber,et al.  Electropore diameters, lifetimes, numbers, and locations in individual erythrocyte ghosts , 1986, FEBS letters.

[92]  H. Yamaguchi,et al.  New iontophoretic transdermal administration of the beta-blocker metoprolol , 1986 .

[93]  W. Warwick,et al.  Evaluation of a cystic fibrosis screening system incorporating a miniature sweat stimulator and disposable chloride sensor. , 1986, Clinical chemistry.

[94]  S. Suster,et al.  Contact Dermatitis due to Karaya Gum and Induced by the Application of Electrodes , 1986, International journal of dermatology.

[95]  R. Graham,et al.  Percutaneous iontophoresis of prednisolone–a pharmacokinetic study , 1986, Clinical and experimental dermatology.

[96]  G. Ayers,et al.  Comparison of the ability of the Lapicque and exponential strength-duration curves to fit experimentally obtained perception threshold data. , 1986, Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine.

[97]  J. Baum,et al.  Transscleral iontophoresis of cefazolin, ticarcillin, and gentamicin in the rabbit. , 1986, Ophthalmology.

[98]  P. Overman,et al.  The effectiveness of iontophoresis in reducing dentin hypersensitivity. , 1985, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[99]  L A Geddes,et al.  Choice of the Optimum Pulse Duration for Precordial Cardiac Pacing: A Theoretical Study , 1985, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[100]  S. Taicher,et al.  Maxillofacial prosthetics and iontophoresis in management of burned ears. , 1985, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[101]  G. Biegelmeier.  NEW EXPERIMENTS WITH REGARD TO BASIC SAFETY MEASURES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS , 1985 .

[102]  J. Phillips,et al.  Neural mechanisms of scanned and stationary touch. , 1985, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[103]  T. Albrektsson,et al.  Vascular reactions during electrical stimulation. Vital microscopy of the hamster cheek pouch and the rabbit tibia. , 1985, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[104]  Moshe Solomonow,et al.  External Control of the Neuromuscular System , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[105]  L A Geddes,et al.  Precordial Pacing Windows , 1984, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[106]  G. William-Olsson,et al.  Painless Venipuncture. A Clinical Trial of Iontophoresis of Lidocaine for Venipuncture in Blood Donors , 1984, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.

[107]  T. Yuen,et al.  Histopathological evaluation of dog sacral nerve after chronic electrical stimulation for micturition. , 1984, Neurosurgery.

[108]  Geddes La.  A short history of the electrical stimulation of excitable tissue. Including electrotherapeutic applications. , 1984 .

[109]  Ackmann Jj,et al.  Methods of complex impedance measurements in biologic tissue. , 1984 .

[110]  R. Johansson,et al.  Properties of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the human hand related to touch sensation. , 1984, Human neurobiology.

[111]  W D Larkin,et al.  Strength/duration relationships for electrocutaneous sensitivity: Stimulation by capacitive discharges , 1984, Perception & psychophysics.

[112]  S Grimnes,et al.  Pathways of ionic flow through human skin in vivo. , 1984, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[113]  R. Newton,et al.  Skin pH following high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation. , 1983, Physical therapy.

[114]  F. Hambrecht,et al.  CRITERIA FOR SELECTING ELECTRODES FOR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS , 1983, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[115]  L A Geddes,et al.  Skin burns from electrosurgical current. , 1983, Medical instrumentation.

[116]  F A Saunders.  Information transmission across the skin: high-resolution tactile sensory aids for the deaf and the blind. , 1983, The International journal of neuroscience.

[117]  J Axelgaard,et al.  Lateral Electrical Surface Stimulation for the Treatment of Progressive Idiopathic Scoliosis , 1983, Spine.

[118]  Jean-Luc Leveque,et al.  Impedance methods for studying skin moisturization , 1983 .

[119]  R. Shepherd,et al.  Chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in cats. Physiological and histopathological results. , 1983, Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum.

[120]  R. Tuckett.  Itch evoked by electrical stimulation of the skin. , 1982, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[121]  Peter Ning,et al.  Electrocutaneous stimulation L The effects of stimulus parameters on absolute threshold , 1982, Perception & psychophysics.

[122]  P. Harris.  Iontophoresis: Clinical Research in Musculoskeletal Inflammatory Conditions , 1982 .

[123]  S. Walsh,et al.  Chronic electrical stimulation of auditory nerve in cat: Physiological and histological results , 1982, Hearing Research.

[124]  L. Chernomordik,et al.  468—the study of the BLM reversible electrical breakdown mechanism in the presence of UO22+ , 1982 .

[125]  C. Zugerman.  Dermatitis from transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation. , 1982, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[126]  J. G. Webster,et al.  Analysis and Control of the Current Distribution under Circular Dispersive Electrodes , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[127]  Frank A. Saunders,et al.  Electrocutaneous Stimulation for Sensory Communication in Rehabilitation Engineering , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[128]  L A Geddes,et al.  Myocardial Stimulation with Ultrashort Duration Current Pulses , 1982, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[129]  O. G. Rodman,et al.  A new device in the treatment of hyperhidrosis by iontophoresis. , 1982, Cutis.

[130]  Van C. Mow,et al.  1980 Advances in Bioengineering , 1981 .

[131]  M. Cornwall.  Zinc iontophoresis to treat ischemic skin ulcers. , 1981, Physical therapy.

[132]  S. Henry,et al.  In vivo evaluation of skin lotions by electrical capacitance: I. The effect of several lotions on the progression of damage and healing after repeated insult with sodium lauryl sulfate , 1981 .

[133]  R. Treede,et al.  Withdrawal reflex, skin resistance reaction and pain ratings due to electrical stimuli in man , 1980, PAIN.

[134]  H. Tagami,et al.  Evaluation of the skin surface hydration in vivo by electrical measurement. , 1980, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[135]  H. Shwachman,et al.  Cooperative study comparing three methods of performing sweat tests to diagnose cystic fibrosis. , 1980, Pediatrics.

[136]  T L Babb,et al.  A circuit for safe diagnostic electrical stimulation of the human brain. , 1980, Neurological research.

[137]  DeRosa Jf,et al.  Radio-frequency heating under ECG electrodes. , 1979 .

[138]  J. A. Pearce,et al.  Measurements of Temperature Distributions at Electro-Surgical Dispersive Electrode Sites , 1979 .

[139]  J. A. Pearce,et al.  TEMPERATURE AND CURRENT DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS AT ELECTROSURGICAL DISPERSIVE ELECTRODE SITES , 1979 .

[140]  Henri Begleiter,et al.  Evoked Brain Potentials and Behavior , 1979, The Downstate Series of Research in Psychiatry and Psychology.

[141]  P. Lawrence,et al.  Electrocutaneous Nerve Stimulation-I: Model and Experiment , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[142]  W. Glenn.  Diaphragm Pacing: Present Status * , 1978, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[143]  Fisher Aa.  Dermatitis associated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. , 1978 .

[144]  L A Geddes,et al.  Strength-duration curves for trapezoidal waveforms of various tilts for transchest defibrillation in animals. , 1978, Medical instrumentation.

[145]  L. Geddes,et al.  Comparative efficacy of damped sine wave and square wave current for transchest ventricular defibrillation in animals. , 1978, Medical instrumentation.

[146]  T L Babb,et al.  Tissue reactions to long-term electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in monkeys. , 1977, Journal of neurosurgery.

[147]  R. Ramsden,et al.  Anaesthesia of the tympanic membrane using iontophoresis , 1977, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology.

[148]  K. Kraning,et al.  Hydration characteristics and electrical resistivity of stratum corneum using a noninvasive four-point microelectrode method. , 1977, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[149]  O. Z. Roy,et al.  Intracardiac Catheter Fibrillation Thresholds as a Function of the Duration of 60 Hz Current and Electrode Area , 1977, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[150]  S Gilman,et al.  Long-term surface stimulation of the cerebellum in the monkey. II. Electron microscopic and biochemical observations. , 1977, Surgical neurology.

[151]  S Gilman,et al.  Long-term surface stimulation of the cerebellum in the monkey. I. Light microscopic, electrophysiologic, and clinical observations. , 1977, Surgical neurology.

[152]  J. Kahn.  Acetic acid iontophoresis for calcium deposits. , 1977, Physical therapy.

[153]  G. Ewy,et al.  Effectiveness of direct current defibrillation: role of paddle electrode size. , 1977, American heart journal.

[154]  N. Mackay,et al.  Pain Sensations Associated with Electrocutaneous Stimulation , 1976, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[155]  G. Ewy,et al.  Transthoracic impedance to direct current discharge: effect of repeated countershocks. , 1976, Medical instrumentation.

[156]  C. Li,et al.  Excitability characteristics of the A- and C-fibers in a peripheral nerve , 1976, Experimental Neurology.

[157]  T. Yamamoto,et al.  Electrical properties of the epidermal stratum corneum. , 1973, Medical & biological engineering.

[158]  L. Geddes,et al.  The decrease in transthoracic impedance during successive ventricular defibrillation trials. , 1975, Medical instrumentation.

[159]  Sheehy Tw.  Letter: disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe falciparum malaria. , 1975 .

[160]  E. Raftery,et al.  Disturbances of heart rhythm produced by 50 Hz leakage currents in human subjects. , 1975, Cardiovascular research.

[161]  E. Raftery,et al.  Disturbances of heart rhythm produced by 50 Hz leakage currents in dogs. , 1975, Cardiovascular research.

[162]  Milton Lodge,et al.  The role of regression and range effects in determination of the power function for electric shock , 1975 .

[163]  A. Sances,et al.  Electroanesthesia : biomedical and biophysical studies , 1975 .

[164]  E. Clar,et al.  Skin impedance and moisturization , 1975 .

[165]  Lewis Ea,et al.  Clinical Application Study of Externally Powered Upper-Limb Prosthetics Systems: The VA Elbow, the VA Hand, and the VA/NU Myoelectric Hand Systems , 1975 .

[166]  C. E. Burton,et al.  The application of Bode analysis to skin impedance. , 1974, Psychophysiology.

[167]  L A Geddes,et al.  Threshold 60-Hz current required for ventricular fibrillation in subjects of various body weights. , 1973, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.

[168]  Juhani Hyvärinen,et al.  Electrical stimulation of human hair follicles via microelectrodes , 1973 .

[169]  F. Saunders,et al.  An electrotactile sound detector for the deaf , 1973 .

[170]  R. C. Weast.  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , 1973 .

[171]  G. Ewy,et al.  Transthoracic impedance to defibrillator discharge. Effect of electrode size and electrode-chest wall interface. , 1973, Journal of electrocardiology.

[172]  David Miller.  Visual Prosthesis: The Interdisciplinary Dialogue. , 1972 .

[173]  J. Kugelberg.  The interelectrode electrical resistance at defibrillation. , 1972, Scandinavian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[174]  C. Jarvis,et al.  Low voltage skin burns. , 1971, Pediatrics.

[175]  P. Venables,et al.  Direct measurement of skin conductance: a proposal for standardization. , 1971, Psychophysiology.

[176]  G. Schwartz,et al.  Shock-Elicited Pain and Its Reduction by Concurrent Tactile Stimulation , 1971, Science.

[177]  Geddes La,et al.  Response to passage of electric current through the body. , 1971 .

[178]  F S Letcher,et al.  Human thresholds of electric shock at power transmission frequencies. , 1970, Archives of environmental health.

[179]  D. Lykken,et al.  Square-wave analysis of skin impedance. , 1970, Psychophysiology.

[180]  ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCES OF SUPERFICIAL LIMB TISSUES: EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, AND MUSCLE SHEATH * , 1970 .

[181]  D. S. Alles,et al.  Information Transmission by Phantom Sensations , 1970 .

[182]  S. Stamm,et al.  Arterialized capillary sampling using histamine iontophoresis. , 1970, The Journal of pediatrics.

[183]  J. Marshall.  THE SKIN SENSES , 1969 .

[184]  T. F. Tees,et al.  THE EFFECT OF HEAT, pH AND ORGANIC SOLVENTS ON THE ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE AND PERMEABILITY OF EXCISED HUMAN SKIN , 1969 .

[185]  V. Schwarz,et al.  Some hazards of the sweat test. , 1968, Archives of disease in childhood.

[186]  John H. Busser,et al.  Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation , 1968 .

[187]  P. Venables,et al.  A Manual of Psychophysiological Methods , 1967 .

[188]  M. Frankenhaeuser,et al.  Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Sensation Threshold , 1967 .

[189]  Clinton C. Brown.  Methods in psychophysiology , 1967 .

[190]  S L Notermans,et al.  Measurement of the pain threshold determined by electrical stimulation and its clinical application , 1966, Neurology.

[191]  P. Ellwood,et al.  Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 1966 .

[192]  F B Simmons,et al.  Electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in man. , 1966, Archives of otolaryngology.

[193]  Electrocutaneous pain thresholds in humans to low frequency square-wave pulses. , 1966, The Journal of psychology.

[194]  The influence of intensity and duration of electrical stimulation on subjective variables. , 1966, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[195]  Richard T. Tregear,et al.  Physical functions of skin , 1966 .

[196]  P. Wall,et al.  Pain mechanisms: a new theory. , 1965, Science.

[197]  L. J. Hammond,et al.  On the constant-current error in skin resistance measurement. , 1965, Psychophysiology.

[198]  J KRYSPIN,et al.  THE PHOREOGRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN SKIN. , 1965, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[199]  Interpretation of Skin Impedance Measurements , 1965, Nature.

[200]  B. Tursky,et al.  ETHNIC DIFFERENCES AMONG HOUSEWIVES IN PSYCHOPHYSICAL AND SKIN POTENTIAL RESPONSES TO ELECTRIC SHOCK. , 1965, Psychophysiology.

[201]  B. Tursky,et al.  CONTROLLED PHYSICAL AND SUBJECTIVE INTENSITIES OF ELECTRIC SHOCK. , 1964, Psychophysiology.

[202]  G. Ekman,et al.  SCALES OF UNPLEASANTNESS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION , 1964 .

[203]  P. M. Zoll,et al.  EXTERNAL ELECTRIC STIMULATION OF THE HEART * , 1963, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[204]  B. Tursky,et al.  On the. Psychophysical power function in electric shock , 1964 .

[205]  R. T. Green.  The absolute threshold of electric shock. , 1962 .

[206]  D. R. Davis,et al.  Influence of Electric Current on the Skin , 1962, Nature.

[207]  G. Hawkes.  Effect of skin temperature on the absolute threshold for electrical current. , 1961, Report. Army Medical Research Laboratory.

[208]  R EDELBERG,et al.  Some membrane properties of the effector in the galvanic skin response. , 1960, Journal of applied physiology.

[209]  M J DAVIS,et al.  Electrical characteristics of the skin. The impedance of the surface sheath and deep tissues. , 1960, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[210]  S. S. Stevens.  The Psychophysics of Sensory Function. , 1960 .

[211]  Sidney Herman Licht,et al.  Therapeutic Electricity and Ultraviolet Radiation , 1960 .

[212]  Lykken Dt,et al.  Properties of electrodes used in electrodermal measurement. , 1959 .

[213]  W. B. Kouwenhoven,et al.  A-C shocks of varying parameters affecting the heart , 1959, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics.

[214]  Georg v. Békésy,et al.  Synchronism of Neural Discharges and Their Demultiplication in Pitch Perception on the Skin and in Hearing , 1959 .

[215]  J. Hahn,et al.  Cutaneous vibratory thresholds for square-wave electrical pulses. , 1958, Science.

[216]  S. Licht.  Electrodiagnosis and electromyography , 1957 .

[217]  C. F. Dalziel,et al.  Let-go currents and voltages , 1956, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part II: Applications and Industry.

[218]  S. Mead,et al.  Skin Impedance in Relation to Pain Threshold Testing by Electrical Means , 1953 .

[219]  William W. Grings,et al.  Methodological Considerations Underlying Electrodermal Measurement , 1953 .

[220]  C. Kornetsky,et al.  Relationship of electrically induced pain to the amperage and the wattage of shock stimuli. , 1952, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[221]  W. A. Munson,et al.  Electrical Excitation of Nerves in the Skin at Audiofrequencies , 1951 .

[222]  C. F. Dalziel,et al.  Effect of Frequency on Perception Currents , 1950, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

[223]  A. Moritz,et al.  Studies of Thermal Injury: II. The Relative Importance of Time and Surface Temperature in the Causation of Cutaneous Burns. , 1947, The American journal of pathology.

[224]  Thomas Rosendal.  Concluding Studies on the Conducting Properties of Human Skin to Alternating Current. , 1945 .

[225]  Thomas Rosendal.  Further Studies on the Conducting Properties of Human Skin to Direct and Alterticzting Current. , 1944 .

[226]  Charles F. Dalziel,et al.  Effect of wave form on let-go currents , 1943, Electrical Engineering.

[227]  Charles F. Dalziel,et al.  Effect of frequency on let-go currents , 1943, Electrical Engineering.

[228]  T. Rosendal.  Studies on the Conducting Properties of the Human Skin to Direct Current , 1943 .

[229]  F. Offner.  Electrical Properties of Tissues in Shock Therapy , 1942 .

[230]  Charles F. Dalziel,et al.  Effects of electric current on man , 1941, Electrical Engineering.

[231]  H. Abramson.  Skin reactions: X. Preseasonal treatment of hay fever by electrophoresis of ragweed pollen extracts into the skin: Preliminary report , 1941 .

[232]  H. Molitor,et al.  I. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF IONTOPHORETIC BURNS , 1939 .

[233]  The Sensitivity of the Fingers to Alternating electrical Currents , 1937 .

[234]  B. R. Teare,et al.  Electrical studies of living tissue , 1936, Electrical Engineering.

[235]  J. W. Horton,et al.  Electrical impedance of the human body , 1935 .

[236]  T. W. Forbes,et al.  The Standardization of Sixty-Cycle Electric Shock for Practical use in Psychological Experimentation , 1935 .

[237]  T. A. Jackson,et al.  Electric Shock with Different Size Electrodes , 1934 .

[238]  H. A. Blair.  ON THE INTENSITY-TIME RELATIONS FOR STIMULATION BY ELECTRIC CURRENTS. I , 1932, The Journal of general physiology.

[239]  The Sensory Aspects of Electrical Stimulation , 1932 .

[240]  E. Adrian.  The response of human sensory nerves to currents of short duration , 1919, The Journal of physiology.

[241]  Stéphane Leduc.  Electric Ions and Their Use in Medicine , 1909, The Indian Medical Gazette.