“Now my ‘old self’ is thin”

In this article, I employ a structural symbolic interaction framework to examine the processes by which persons can exit a stigmatized identity. Using the empirical example of weight loss, I analyze how individuals evolve from an identity as “fat” and stigmatized to one that is “normal” with respect to weight and free from identification with stigmatizing self-labels. The results suggest that stigma exits are possible but not easy and that simply sustaining weight loss over time does not necessarily produce an exit from stigma. Instead, stigma exits require evolutions in the responses of significant others and shifts in the way exiters view themselves. Moreover, individuals vary in the intensity of their identification with stigma and this is associated with the kinds of obstacles they find most troublesome as they attempt to exit stigma. Finally, I discuss the application of these findings to theories of structural symbolic interaction and to other forms of stigma.

[1]  S. Stryker,et al.  Extending Self-Esteem Theory and Research: Theorizing the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Identity , 2001 .

[2]  P. Conrad,et al.  Another Piece to an Unfinished Puzzle@@@Having Epilepsy: The Experience and Control of Illness. , 1983 .

[3]  K. Kiecolt,et al.  Stress and the decision to change oneself: A theoretical model. , 1994 .

[4]  Peter J. Burke The self–society dynamic: Attitudes, behavior, and the self , 1991 .

[5]  M. Hebl,et al.  The Stigma of Obesity in Women: The Difference is Black and White , 1998 .

[6]  Graham Scambler,et al.  Being epileptic: coming to terms with stigma , 1986 .

[7]  B. Blaine,et al.  The Effect of Weight Loss on Perceptions of Weight Controllability: Implications for Prejudice Against Overweight People , 2007 .

[8]  Emily E. Marsh ATLAS.ti, The Knowledge Workbench , 2001 .

[9]  Peter N. Stearns,et al.  Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West , 1999 .

[10]  E.,et al.  Self-Discrepancy : A Theory Relating Self and Affect , 2022 .

[11]  R R Wing,et al.  A descriptive study of individuals successful at long-term maintenance of substantial weight loss. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[12]  P. Biernacki,et al.  Pathways from Heroin Addiction: Recovery Without Treatment , 1986 .

[13]  M. Friedman,et al.  Is Obesity Stigmatizing? Body Weight, Perceived Discrimination, and Psychological Well-Being in the United States∗ , 2005, Journal of health and social behavior.

[14]  K. Brownell,et al.  Psychosocial origins of obesity stigma: toward changing a powerful and pervasive bias , 2003, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[15]  P. Burke,et al.  Identity Change , 2006 .

[16]  J. Howard Negotiating an Exit: Existential, Interactional, and Cultural Obstacles to Disorder Disidentification , 2008 .

[17]  A. Ward,et al.  Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments: diets are not the answer. , 2007, The American psychologist.

[18]  P. Burke IDENTITY PROCESSES AND SOCIAL STRESS , 1991 .

[19]  Hillel Schwartz,et al.  Never Satisfied: A Cultural History of Diets, Fantasies and Fat , 1986 .

[20]  L. Irvine Codependent Forevermore: The Invention of Self in a Twelve Step Group , 1999 .

[21]  D. Kinney From Nerds to Normals: The Recovery of Identity among Adolescents from Middle School to High School. , 1993 .

[22]  S. Stryker Traditional Symbolic Interactionism, Role Theory, and Structural Symbolic Interactionism: The Road to Identity Theory , 2001 .

[23]  Steve Townend,et al.  Review of: Muhr, T. 1997. ATLAS.ti 5: The Knowledge Workbench. Berlin: Scientific Software Development , 2003 .

[24]  C. Ellis I hate my voice : Coming to terms with minor bodily stigmas , 1998 .

[25]  Katherin Williams,et al.  Becoming an EX: The Process of Role Exit , 1989 .

[26]  Kandi M. Stinson Women and dieting culture : inside a commercial weight loss group , 2002 .

[27]  Daniel D. Martin Organizational Approaches to Shame: Avowal, Management, and Contestation , 1999 .

[28]  P. Burke,et al.  The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory* , 2000 .

[29]  C. Warren,et al.  Losing Weight: The Organizational Promotion of Behavior Change , 1975 .

[30]  H. Becker,et al.  Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. , 1964 .

[31]  Dawn T. Robinson Control Theories in Sociology , 2007 .

[32]  Richard T. Serpe,et al.  Identity salience and psychological centrality: Equivalent, overlapping, or complementary concepts? , 1994 .

[33]  M. Crossley,et al.  Narrative Psychology, Trauma and the Study of Self/Identity , 2000 .

[34]  Keith P. Sentis,et al.  Thinking Fat: Self‐Schemas for Body Weight and the Processing of Weight Relevant Information1 , 1987 .

[35]  E. Goffman Stigma; Notes On The Management Of Spoiled Identity , 1964 .

[36]  M. Fine,et al.  Disability Beyond Stigma: Social Interaction, Discrimination, and Activism , 1988 .

[37]  B. Werble Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. , 1966 .

[38]  M. Friedman,et al.  Body Weight and the Quality of Interpersonal Relationships , 2006 .