Self-organized criticality: Does it have anything to do with criticality and is it useful?

Three aspects of complexity are fractals, chaos, and self-organized criticality. There are many examples of the applicability of fractals in solid-earth geophysics, such as earthquakes and landforms. Chaos is widely accepted as being applicable to a variety of geophysical phenomena, for instance, tectonics and mantle convection. Several sim- ple cellular-automata models have been said to exhibit self- organized criticality. Examples include the sandpile, for- est fire and slider-blocks models. It is believed that these are directly applicable to landslides, actual forest fires, and earthquakes, respectively. The slider-block model has been shown to clearly exhibit deterministic chaos and fractal be- haviour. The concept of self-similar cascades can explain self-organized critical behaviour. This approach also illus- trates the similarities and differences with critical phenom- ena through association with the site-percolation and diffusion- limited aggregation models.

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