The role of career values for work engagement during the transition to working life

Abstract The present longitudinal study examined the role of career values for work engagement across the transition from university education to working life. Finnish young adults reported on their career values (intrinsic, rewards, and security values) at the age of 23; and the degree of person–organization fit (value congruence, and congruence between one's education and the job), subjective income and economic stress two years later at the age of 25. Work engagement was assessed at both measurement points. Structural equation modeling results showed, first, that intrinsic but not rewards or security career values were related to work engagement. Second, value congruence and having a job which was related to young adults' educational field were positively associated with work engagement. Our findings suggest that along with person–organization fit, intrinsic career values are a significant factor in shaping and facilitating successful transitions from education to work.

[1]  E. Deci,et al.  Self‐determination theory and work motivation , 2005 .

[2]  J. Mortimer,et al.  Work Experience and Occupational Value Socialization: A Longitudinal Study , 1979, American Journal of Sociology.

[3]  S. Schwartz Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries , 1992 .

[4]  Christina Maslach,et al.  THE TRUTH ABOUT BURNOUT , 1997 .

[5]  E. Deci,et al.  Intrinsic Need Satisfaction: A Motivational Basis of Performance and Weil‐Being in Two Work Settings1 , 2004 .

[6]  K. Salmela‐Aro,et al.  Social strategies during university studies predict early career work burnout and engagement: 18-year longitudinal study , 2011 .

[7]  Andrew J. Martin,et al.  Methodological Measurement Fruitfulness of Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM): New Approaches to Key Substantive Issues in Motivation and Engagement , 2011 .

[8]  J. Peiró,et al.  Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate. , 2005, The Journal of applied psychology.

[9]  M. Csíkszentmihályi,et al.  Positive psychology. An introduction. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[10]  R. Baumeister,et al.  The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. , 1995, Psychological bulletin.

[11]  A. Bakker,et al.  Work engagement, performance and active learning : the role of conscientiousness. , 2012 .

[12]  M. Johnson Change in Job Values During the Transition to Adulthood , 2001 .

[13]  D. Super A life-span, life-space approach to career development , 1980 .

[14]  M. Leiter A two process model of burnout and work engagement: distinct implications of demands and values. , 2008, Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia.

[15]  W. Schaufeli,et al.  Workaholic and work engaged employees: dead ringers or worlds apart? , 2011, Journal of occupational health psychology.

[16]  K. Salmela‐Aro,et al.  The Role of Financial Resources and Agency in Success and Satisfaction Regarding Developmental Tasks in Early Adulthood , 2012 .

[17]  A. Bakker,et al.  Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology , 2008, Bioscience trends.

[18]  S. Schwartz,et al.  Basic Individual Values, Work Values, and the Meaning of Work , 1999 .

[19]  A. Bakker,et al.  Job Resources Boost Work Engagement, Particularly When Job Demands Are High , 2007 .

[20]  A. Bakker,et al.  Burnout and Engagement in University Students , 2002 .

[21]  J. S. Bridges,et al.  Sex differences in occupational values , 1989 .

[22]  A. Bakker,et al.  The Role of Personal Resources in the Job Demands-Resources Model , 2007 .

[23]  E. Deci,et al.  Need Satisfaction, Motivation, and Well-Being in the Work Organizations of a Former Eastern Bloc Country: A Cross-Cultural Study of Self-Determination , 2001 .

[24]  Gordon W. Cheung,et al.  Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance , 2002 .

[25]  M. Browne,et al.  Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit , 1992 .

[26]  S. Schwartz,et al.  Sex differences in value priorities: cross-cultural and multimethod studies. , 2005, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[27]  J. Nurmi,et al.  Goal pursuit in young adulthood: The role of personality and motivation in goal appraisal trajectories across 6 years , 2013 .

[28]  W. Schaufeli,et al.  How obstacles and facilitators predict academic performance: the mediating role of study burnout and engagement , 2010, Anxiety, stress, and coping.

[29]  M. Johnson,et al.  Job Values in the young adult transition: Change and stability with age , 2001 .

[30]  A. Bakker,et al.  Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study , 2004 .

[31]  Ulrich Trautwein,et al.  Please Scroll down for Article Structural Equation Modeling: a Multidisciplinary Journal Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, Integrating Cfa and Efa: Application to Students' Evaluations of University Teaching , 2022 .

[32]  J. Hakanen,et al.  Positive gain spirals at work: From job resources to work engagement, personal initiative and work-unit innovativeness , 2008 .

[33]  J. Arnett Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens through the Twenties , 2004 .

[34]  E. Deci,et al.  The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior , 2000 .

[35]  B. Muthén,et al.  Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling , 2009 .

[36]  U. Kinnunen,et al.  Self-esteem, dispositional optimism, and health: Evidence from cross-lagged data on employees , 2004 .

[37]  T. Taris,et al.  The Development of Career-Enhancing Strategies and Content Innovation: A Longitudinal Study of New Workers , 1995 .

[38]  S. Fineman The Meaning Of Working , 1991 .

[39]  Edward L. Deci,et al.  Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior , 1975, Perspectives in Social Psychology.

[40]  A. Bakker,et al.  Dual processes at work in a call centre: An application of the job demands – resources model , 2003 .

[41]  Great Britain. Foreign Office.,et al.  Labour force survey , 1982 .

[42]  S. Hobfoll,et al.  Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[43]  A. van den Broeck,et al.  Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction , 2008 .

[44]  K. Salmela‐Aro,et al.  Achievement strategies during university studies predict early career burnout and engagement , 2009 .

[45]  J. Nurmi,et al.  Work-related goal appraisals and stress during the transition from education to work ☆ , 2012 .

[46]  Shalom H. Schwartz,et al.  Influences of Adaptation to Communist Rule on Value Priorities in Eastern Europe , 1997 .

[47]  Timothy A. Judge,et al.  Effects of Work Values on Job Choice Decisions , 1992 .

[48]  John Robst,et al.  Education and job match: The relatedness of college major and work , 2007 .

[49]  E. Deci,et al.  Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. , 2000, Contemporary educational psychology.

[50]  Katariina Salmela-Aro,et al.  Phase-adequate engagement at the post-school transition. , 2012, Developmental psychology.

[51]  M. Marini,et al.  Gender and Job Values , 1996 .

[52]  K. Salmela‐Aro,et al.  Promoting career preparedness and intrinsic work-goal motivation: RCT intervention , 2012 .

[53]  Christina Maslach,et al.  Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. , 2008, The Journal of applied psychology.

[54]  Kennon M. Sheldon,et al.  Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: the self-concordance model. , 1999, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[55]  M. Johnson,et al.  Judgments About Work and the Features of Young Adults’ Jobs , 2010, Work and occupations.

[56]  A. Bakker,et al.  The job demands-resources model : state of the art , 2007 .

[57]  M. Leiter,et al.  Contrasting burnout, turnover intention, control, value congruence and knowledge sharing between Baby Boomers and Generation X. , 2009, Journal of nursing management.

[58]  A. Bakker,et al.  Burnout and Work Engagement among Teachers. , 2006 .

[59]  J. Mortimer,et al.  Origins and Outcomes of Judgments about Work , 2011, Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation.

[60]  P. Bentler,et al.  Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives , 1999 .

[61]  M. Johnson,et al.  Social Origins, Adolescent Experiences, and Work Value Trajectories during the Transition to Adulthood , 2002 .