Investigation of multiple simultaneously active brain sources in the electroencephalogram

We present a method of investigating multiple simultaneously active brain sources that overlap both in space and time in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). In order to identify the contributions of the individual brain sources to measured potentials, we applied principal component analysis and various methods of rotating the principal components including a newly developed rotation procedure using frequency criteria. We related the results of these multivariate statistical techniques to a new physical model using multiple current dipoles with fixed anatomical locations and time-varying activities. We thus are able to study 3-dimensional location, time activity and interaction of multiple simultaneously active brain sources in the scalp EEG.

[1]  D. Lehmann,et al.  Reference-free identification of components of checkerboard-evoked multichannel potential fields. , 1980, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[2]  C. C. Wood.  APPLICATION OF DIPOLE LOCALIZATION METHODS TO SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN EVOKED POTENTIALS * , 1980, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[3]  Dietrich Lehmann,et al.  Evaluation of Methods for Three-Dimensional Localization of Electrical Sources in the Human Brain , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[4]  G L Romani,et al.  Biomagnetic measurements of spontaneous brain activity in epileptic patients. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[5]  D. G. Wastell,et al.  PCA and varimax rotation: Some comments on Rösler and Manzey , 1981, Biological Psychology.

[6]  B. Neil Cuffin,et al.  Effects of Measurement Errors and Noise on MEG Moving Dipole Inverse Solutions , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[7]  Daniel S. Ruchkin,et al.  Principles of Neurobiological Signal Analysis , 1976 .

[8]  M. Scherg,et al.  Evoked dipole source potentials of the human auditory cortex. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[9]  David B. Geselowitz,et al.  Accuracy of Dipole Localization with a Spherical Homogeneous Model , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[10]  E. Donchin,et al.  A multivariate approach to the analysis of average evoked potentials. , 1966, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.

[11]  J Beatty,et al.  Neuromagnetic evidence of spatially distributed sources underlying epileptiform spikes in the human brain. , 1984, Science.

[12]  D H Fender,et al.  Methods for the localization of electrical sources in the human brain. , 1980, Progress in brain research.

[13]  D H Fender,et al.  The dimensionality of the human visual evoked scalp potential. , 1976, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[14]  P. Nunez,et al.  The brain's magnetic field: some effects of multiple sources on localization methods. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[15]  C. C. Wood,et al.  Scalp distribution of human auditory evoked potentials. II. Evidence for overlapping sources and involvement of auditory cortex. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[16]  M. Hämäläinen,et al.  Realistic conductivity geometry model of the human head for interpretation of neuromagnetic data , 1989, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[17]  C C Wood,et al.  Principal component analysis of event-related potentials: simulation studies demonstrate misallocation of variance across components. , 1984, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[18]  H. Spekreijse,et al.  Principal components analysis for source localization of VEPs in man , 1987, Vision Research.

[19]  E. B. Andersen,et al.  Modern factor analysis , 1961 .

[20]  M. Scherg,et al.  Two bilateral sources of the late AEP as identified by a spatio-temporal dipole model. , 1985, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[21]  R. Verleger,et al.  Principal component analysis of event-related potentials: a note on misallocation of variance. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[22]  J Beatty,et al.  Magnetic localization of a dipolar current source implanted in a sphere and a human cranium. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[23]  H. Tong,et al.  Applications of principal component analysis and factor analysis in the identification of multivariable systems , 1974 .

[24]  B. N. Cuffin,et al.  A Comparison of Moving Dipole Inverse Solutions Using EEG's and MEG's , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[25]  I. Fried,et al.  INTRACRANIAL INTRAAXIAL SPACE-OCCUPYING LESION IN PATIENTS WITH INTRACTABLE PARTIAL SEIZURES , 1988 .

[26]  William H. Press,et al.  Numerical recipes , 1990 .

[27]  Dietrich Manzey,et al.  Principal components and varimax-rotated components in event-related potential research: Some remarks on their interpretation , 1981, Biological Psychology.

[28]  J. P. Ary,et al.  Location of Sources of Evoked Scalp Potentials: Corrections for Skull and Scalp Thicknesses , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.