Effects of different processing methods on induction of quinone reductase by dietary broccoli in rats.

Broccoli belongs to a group of cruciferous vegetables characterized by its content of glucosinolates, secondary metabolites that, upon hydrolysis, release bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs). Sulforaphane, the major ITC from broccoli, is believed to protect the body from cancer by induction of detoxification enzymes such as quinone reductase (QR). Sulforaphane provides powerful protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity by electrophiles and reactive forms of oxygen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of processing methods on the ability of broccoli to induce QR in various rat tissues. Male F344 rats (four per group) received an AIN 76B-40 diet containing either 0% or 20% broccoli processed by different methods (dehydrated, freeze-dried, or freeze-dried and hydrolyzed) for 5 days. Colon tissues of rats receiving dehydrated, freeze-dried, and hydrolyzed broccoli diets showed QR induction of 9.1-, 10.5-, and 6.4-fold, respectively. Induction of QR by dehydrated broccoli in the liver and kidney was significantly less robust than in colon, being 2.3- and 1.6-fold over control, respectively. These results suggest that freeze-drying and dehydration are promising approaches for providing the public with the functional benefits of broccoli consumption.

[1]  M. M. Donma,et al.  Phytonutrients and children: The other side of the medallion , 2005 .

[2]  E. Jeffery,et al.  Evaluation of urinary N-acetyl cysteinyl allyl isothiocyanate as a biomarker for intake and bioactivity of Brussels sprouts. , 2003, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[3]  S. Loft,et al.  Effect of chemopreventive compounds from Brassica vegetables on NAD(P)H:quinone reductase and induction of DNA strand breaks in murine hepa1c1c7 cells. , 2003, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[4]  C. Munday.  Selective Induction of Phase II Enzymes in the Urinary Bladder of Rats by Allyl Isothiocyanate, a Compound Derived From Brassica Vegetables , 2002, Nutrition and cancer.

[5]  R. Mehta,et al.  Cruciferous Vegetables and Cancer Prevention , 2001, Nutrition and cancer.

[6]  F. Chung,et al.  Disposition of Glucosinolates and Sulforaphane in Humans After Ingestion of Steamed and Fresh Broccoli , 2000, Nutrition and cancer.

[7]  M. Hendrickx,et al.  The activity of myrosinase from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Italica): influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. , 2000, Journal of food protection.

[8]  B. P. Klein,et al.  Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of Brassica oleracea. , 1999, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[9]  R. Goldbohm,et al.  Brassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms. , 1999, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[10]  Atle M. Bones,et al.  THE MYROSINASE-GLUCOSINOLATE SYSTEM, ITS ORGANISATION AND BIOCHEMISTRY , 1996 .

[11]  F. Nagengast,et al.  Effects of consumption of Brussels sprouts on intestinal and lymphocytic glutathione S-transferases in humans. , 1995, Carcinogenesis.

[12]  T. Kensler,et al.  Anticarcinogenic activities of sulforaphane and structurally related synthetic norbornyl isothiocyanates. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  A. Santamaria,et al.  Rapid detection of inducers of enzymes that protect against carcinogens. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  J. Noordhoek,et al.  Effects of cooked brussels sprouts on cytochrome P-450 profile and phase II enzymes in liver and small intestinal mucosa of the rat. , 1992, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[15]  A. B. Hanley,et al.  The effect of feeding brassica vegetables and intact glucosinolates on mixed-function-oxidase activity in the livers and intestines of rats. , 1989, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[16]  L. Ernster,et al.  DT diaphorase and the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of quinone-derived oxygen radicals. , 1986, Progress in clinical and biological research.

[17]  R. Heaney,et al.  Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in cruciferous crops, foods and feedingstuffs , 1983 .

[18]  B. Lönnerdal,et al.  Studies on myrosinases. 3. Enzymatic properties of myrosinases from Sinapis alba and Brassica napus seeds. , 1973, Biochimica et biophysica acta.